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Designing limited-stop bus services for minimizing operator and user costs under crowding conditions

Author

Listed:
  • Mohammad Sadrani

    (University of Isfahan
    Technical University of Munich)

  • Ahmad Reza Jafarian-Moghaddam

    (University of Isfahan)

  • Mohsen Aboutalebi Esfahani

    (University of Isfahan)

  • Amir Masoud Rahimi

    (University of Zanjan)

Abstract

Dwell time is the amount of time required for performing boarding and alighting activities at stops. Under peak-load conditions, the dwell time can significantly increase due to a higher friction between on-board passengers when alighting and boarding. The influence of on-board crowding on increasing dwell time is indisputable. Herein, we develop a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to optimize limited-stop patterns for bus services to minimize user and operator costs. The number of non-stop consecutive buses authorized to skip a station and in-vehicle crowding conditions are explicitly considered in our modeling framework. The benefits of limited-stop bus services are mainly overestimated in previous studies that ignore such operating conditions. Moreover, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve the problem in real-world cases. The findings show that the implementation of a limited-stop bus service can reduce in-vehicle travel times for passengers and operating costs for bus agencies in all-demand cases. Nonetheless, it can increase waiting times for users whose origin or destination stations are skipped due to the implementation of limited-stop services. Thus, the desirability of a limited-stop service can decrease with the growth of the demand level.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohammad Sadrani & Ahmad Reza Jafarian-Moghaddam & Mohsen Aboutalebi Esfahani & Amir Masoud Rahimi, 2023. "Designing limited-stop bus services for minimizing operator and user costs under crowding conditions," Public Transport, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 97-128, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:pubtra:v:15:y:2023:i:1:d:10.1007_s12469-022-00307-2
    DOI: 10.1007/s12469-022-00307-2
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Public transport; Rush hours; In-vehicle crowding; Dwell time; Limited-stop service; Genetic algorithm;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise

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