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A saturated stochastic simulator: synthetic US Gulf coast tropical cyclone precipitation fields

Author

Listed:
  • Jennifer Nakamura

    (Columbia University)

  • Upmanu Lall

    (Columbia University)

  • Yochanan Kushnir

    (Columbia University)

  • Patrick A. Harr

    (Jupiter Intelligence)

Abstract

The space–time fields of rainfall during a hurricane and tropical storm (TC) landfall are critical for coastal flood risk preparedness, assessment, and mitigation. We present an approach for the stochastic simulation of rainfall fields that leverages observed, high-resolution spatial fields of historical landfalling TCs rainfall that is derived from multiple instrumental and remote sensing sources, and key variables recorded for historical TCs. Spatial realizations of rainfall at each time step are simulated conditional on the variables representing the ambient conditions. We use 6 hourly precipitation fields of tropical cyclones from 1983 to 2019 that made landfall on the Gulf coast of the US, starting from 24 h before landfall until the end of the track. A conditional K-nearest neighbor method is used to generate the simulations. The TC attributes used for conditioning are the preseason large-scale climate indices, the storm maximum wind speed, minimum central pressure, the latitude and speed of movement of the storm center, and the proportion of storm area over land or ocean. Simulation of rainfall for three hurricanes that are kept out of the sample: Katrina [2005], Rita [2005], and Harvey [2017] are used to evaluate the method. The utility of coupling the approach to a hurricane track simulator applied for a full season is demonstrated by an out-of-sample simulation of the 2020 season.

Suggested Citation

  • Jennifer Nakamura & Upmanu Lall & Yochanan Kushnir & Patrick A. Harr, 2024. "A saturated stochastic simulator: synthetic US Gulf coast tropical cyclone precipitation fields," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 120(2), pages 1295-1318, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:nathaz:v:120:y:2024:i:2:d:10.1007_s11069-023-06245-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-06245-x
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kevin M. Geoghegan & Patrick Fitzpatrick & Randall L. Kolar & Kendra M. Dresback, 2018. "Evaluation of a synthetic rainfall model, P-CLIPER, for use in coastal flood modeling," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 92(2), pages 699-726, June.
    2. James P. Kossin, 2018. "Author Correction: A global slowdown of tropical-cyclone translation speed," Nature, Nature, vol. 564(7735), pages 11-16, December.
    3. Kevin M. Geoghegan & Patrick Fitzpatrick & Randall L. Kolar & Kendra M. Dresback, 2018. "Correction to: Evaluation of a synthetic rainfall model, P-CLIPER, for use in coastal flood modeling," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 94(1), pages 491-491, October.
    4. Fewster, R. M., 2009. "A Simple Explanation of Benford's Law," The American Statistician, American Statistical Association, vol. 63(1), pages 26-32.
    5. James P. Kossin, 2018. "A global slowdown of tropical-cyclone translation speed," Nature, Nature, vol. 558(7708), pages 104-107, June.
    6. Neerja Sharma & Atul Kumar Varma, 2022. "Impact of vertical wind shear in modulating tropical cyclones eye and rainfall structure," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 112(3), pages 2083-2100, July.
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