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The Wise Thinking and Acting Questionnaire: The Cognitive Facet of Wisdom and its Relation with Memory, Affect, and Hope

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  • Despina Moraitou
  • Anastasia Efklides

Abstract

Wisdom is a topic that holds much promise as geropsychologists turn their attention to the positive facets of aging. This study aimed at (a) examining the construct validity of a new scale for measuring the cognitive facet of wisdom, and (b) analyzing the relations between wisdom and demographic factors, hope, affect, and memory. The participants of the main sample were 446 adults, aged 20–80 years. For the validation of the scale, a second sample (N = 89) was used; it comprised two subsamples of 37 older adults and 52 young adults. The Wise Thinking and Acting Questionnaire (WITHAQ) was used along with measures of hope, state affect and memory abilities. Ardelt’s 3D-WS was used for validation purposes. A three-factor structure of the WITHAQ with interrelations between the factors was confirmed, reflecting practical wisdom, integrated dialectical thinking, and awareness of life uncertainty, respectively. The relations between the WITHAQ, 3D-WS, and the measure of hope were in the predicted direction. The interaction of age and education predicted the three factors of the WITHAQ positively. Pearson correlations showed that the three factors were differentially associated with affect and memory. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012

Suggested Citation

  • Despina Moraitou & Anastasia Efklides, 2012. "The Wise Thinking and Acting Questionnaire: The Cognitive Facet of Wisdom and its Relation with Memory, Affect, and Hope," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 13(5), pages 849-873, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:jhappi:v:13:y:2012:i:5:p:849-873
    DOI: 10.1007/s10902-011-9295-1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Barry Schwartz & Kenneth Sharpe, 2006. "Practical Wisdom: Aristotle meets Positive Psychology," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 7(3), pages 377-395, September.
    2. Despina Moraitou & Chrysa Kolovou & Chrysa Papasozomenou & Catherine Paschoula, 2006. "Hope and Adaptation to Old Age: Their Relationship with Individual-Demographic Factors," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 76(1), pages 71-93, March.
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    1. Neal Krause & R. Hayward, 2015. "Virtues, Practical Wisdom and Psychological Well-Being: A Christian Perspective," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 122(3), pages 735-755, July.
    2. Hannes Zacher & Bernard McKenna & David Rooney, 2013. "Effects of Self-Reported Wisdom on Happiness: Not Much More Than Emotional Intelligence?," Journal of Happiness Studies, Springer, vol. 14(6), pages 1697-1716, December.

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