IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/intemj/v17y2021i3d10.1007_s11365-020-00688-5.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Commodifying skills for survival among artisan entrepreneurs in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Sumayya Rashid

    (La Trobe University)

  • Vanessa Ratten

    (La Trobe University)

Abstract

This article explores how artisan entrepreneurs learn to commodify their creative skills into an entrepreneurial business. The purpose of this paper is to highlight specific types of entrepreneurial learning, artisan entrepreneurs with small businesses are using to run their business. This study explores the experiences of 12 artisan entrepreneurs. Qualitative research was carried out with in-depth semi structured interviews with four different categories of artisan entrepreneurs. GIOIA methodology have been used to analyse and present the data. This study reveals that entrepreneurial learning is a natural process, with findings highlighting the different forms of learning used by the entrepreneurs. This study also uncovers the utilization of existing resources and demonstrate the learning process. Furthermore, findings reveal that artisan entrepreneurs scan the environment, create demand, and then transform their craft and skill into a profitable business. The present informational capital brings positive outcomes for the business. Entrepreneurs heavily rely on relational learning by employing strong alliance in work and support group. Informal learning is also an important aspect in artisan entrepreneur’s life to run a successful business. This study’s results contribute to deeper understanding of the importance of entrepreneurial learning among artisan entrepreneurs in emerging economies. The research questions the unique and creative ways of learning by artisan entrepreneurs who have zero knowledge of business. This paper fills a gap in literature i.e. how the potential artisan entrepreneurs utilize their creative social, economic, and personal capital and experience a profitable business from their craft.

Suggested Citation

  • Sumayya Rashid & Vanessa Ratten, 2021. "Commodifying skills for survival among artisan entrepreneurs in Pakistan," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 1091-1110, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:17:y:2021:i:3:d:10.1007_s11365-020-00688-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s11365-020-00688-5
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11365-020-00688-5
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s11365-020-00688-5?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Jéssica Ferreira & Bruno Miguel Sousa & Francisco Gonçalves, 2018. "Encouraging the subsistence artisan entrepreneurship in handicraft and creative contexts," Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 13(1/2), pages 64-83, November.
    2. Maria Minniti & William Bygrave, 2001. "A Dynamic Model of Entrepreneurial Learning," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 25(3), pages 5-16, April.
    3. Sarah Drakopoulou Dodd & Briga Chris Hynes, 2012. "The impact of regional entrepreneurial contexts upon enterprise education," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(9-10), pages 741-766, December.
    4. Michael H. Morris & Donald F. Kuratko & Minet Schindehutte & April J. Spivack, 2012. "Framing the Entrepreneurial Experience," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(1), pages 11-40, January.
    5. Diamanto Politis, 2005. "The Process of Entrepreneurial Learning: A Conceptual Framework," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 29(4), pages 399-424, July.
    6. Olivier Toutain & Alain Fayolle & Luke Pittaway & Diamanto Politis, 2017. "Role and impact of the environment on entrepreneurial learning," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(9-10), pages 869-888, October.
    7. Monica Lent & Alistair Anderson & Mohammad Sohail Yunis & Hina Hashim, 2019. "Understanding how legitimacy is acquired among informal home-based Pakistani small businesses," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 341-361, June.
    8. Subhanjan Sengupta & Arunaditya Sahay & Francesca Croce, 2018. "Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship in the context of emerging economies: an integrative review of past research from BRIICS," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 771-803, December.
    9. Deusdedit Rwehumbiza & Marin A. Marinov, 0. "Development of entrepreneurial orientation of export manufacturers from emerging economies," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 0, pages 1-23.
    10. Magdalena Markowska & Johan Wiklund, 2020. "Entrepreneurial learning under uncertainty: exploring the role of self-efficacy and perceived complexity," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(7-8), pages 606-628, August.
    11. Gartner, William B. & Birley, Sue, 2002. "Introduction to the special issue on qualitative methods in entrepreneurship research," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 387-395, September.
    12. Melissa S. Cardon & Maw–Der Foo & Dean Shepherd & Johan Wiklund, 2012. "Exploring the Heart: Entrepreneurial Emotion is a Hot Topic," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 36(1), pages 1-10, January.
    13. Ravasi, Davide & Turati, Carlo, 2005. "Exploring entrepreneurial learning: a comparative study of technology development projects," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 137-164, January.
    14. Ricardo Zozimo & Sarah Jack & Eleanor Hamilton, 2017. "Entrepreneurial learning from observing role models," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(9-10), pages 889-911, October.
    15. Olivier Toutain & Alain Fayolle & Luke Pittaway & Diamanto Politis, 2017. "Role and impact of the environment on entrepreneurial learning," Post-Print hal-02312092, HAL.
    16. Catherine Elliott & Catherine Mavriplis & Hanan Anis, 2020. "An entrepreneurship education and peer mentoring program for women in STEM: mentors’ experiences and perceptions of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and intent," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 43-67, March.
    17. Steffen Korsgaard & Richard Ferguson & Johan Gaddefors, 2015. "The best of both worlds: how rural entrepreneurs use placial embeddedness and strategic networks to create opportunities," Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(9-10), pages 574-598, October.
    18. Cope, Jason, 2011. "Entrepreneurial learning from failure: An interpretative phenomenological analysis," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 604-623.
    19. Colin C. Williams & Abbi M. Kedir, 2019. "Explaining cross-country variations in the prevalence of informal sector competitors: lessons from the World Bank Enterprise Survey," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 677-696, September.
    20. Matthew R. Marvel, 2013. "Human Capital and Search–Based Discovery: A Study of High–Tech Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 37(2), pages 403-419, March.
    21. Subhanjan Sengupta & Arunaditya Sahay & Francesca Croce, 2018. "Correction to: Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship in the context of emerging economies: an integrative review of past research from BRIICS," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(4), pages 805-806, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Mahto, Raj V. & Llanos-Contreras, Orlando & Hebles, Melany, 2022. "Post-disaster recovery for family firms: The role of owner motivations, firm resources, and dynamic capabilities," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 117-129.
    2. Uswatun Hasanah & Badri Munir Sukoco & Elisabeth Supriharyanti & Wann-Yih Wu, 2023. "Fifty years of artisan entrepreneurship: a systematic literature review," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 1-25, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Peter Kalum Schou & Eliane Bucher & Matthias Waldkirch, 2022. "Entrepreneurial learning in online communities," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(4), pages 2087-2108, April.
    2. Vivianna Fang He & Charlotta Sirén & Sheetal Singh & George Solomon & Georg von Krogh, 2018. "Keep Calm and Carry On: Emotion Regulation in Entrepreneurs’ Learning from Failure," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 42(4), pages 605-630, July.
    3. Marvel, Matthew R. & Wolfe, Marcus T. & Kuratko, Donald F., 2020. "Escaping the knowledge corridor: How founder human capital and founder coachability impacts product innovation in new ventures," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 35(6).
    4. Fan, Terence & Schwab, Andreas & Geng, Xuesong, 2021. "Habitual entrepreneurship in digital platform ecosystems: A time-contingent model of learning from prior software project experiences," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 36(5).
    5. Kusi, Samuel Yaw & Gabrielsson, Peter & Baumgarth, Carsten, 2022. "How classical and entrepreneurial brand management increases the performance of internationalising SMEs?," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(5).
    6. Khurana, Indu & Dutta, Dev K, 2021. "From latent to emergent entrepreneurship in innovation ecosystems: The role of entrepreneurial learning," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    7. Lattacher, Wolfgang & Gregori, Patrick & Holzmann, Patrick & Schwarz, Erich J., 2021. "Knowledge spillover in entrepreneurial emergence: A learning perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    8. Davide Hahn & Tommaso Minola & Giulio Bosio & Lucio Cassia, 2020. "The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 55(1), pages 257-282, June.
    9. Xia, Tianjiao & Liu, Xiaohui, 2021. "Cultural values and innovation: The mediating role of entrepreneurial learning capacity," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(1).
    10. Stephanie Duchek, 2018. "Entrepreneurial resilience: a biographical analysis of successful entrepreneurs," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 14(2), pages 429-455, June.
    11. Parker, Simon C., 2013. "Do serial entrepreneurs run successively better-performing businesses?," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 28(5), pages 652-666.
    12. Gottschalk, Sandra & Greene, Francis J. & Höwer, Daniel & Müller, Bettina, 2014. "If you don't succeed, should you try again? The role of entrepreneurial experience in venture survival," ZEW Discussion Papers 14-009, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    13. Lin, Tse-Chun & Pursiainen, Vesa, 2023. "Gender differences in reward-based crowdfunding," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    14. Makaya, Christian & Blanco, Cristina & Barrédy, Céline, 2023. "Towards an ecological approach for interaction management in entrepreneurship courses," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    15. Patel, Pankaj C. & Tsionas, Mike & Oghazi, Pejvak & Izquierdo, Vanessa, 2022. "No entrepreneur steps in the same river twice: Limited learning advantage for serial entrepreneurs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 1038-1052.
    16. Nizar Mtibaa & Sami Boudabbous, 2023. "The Realities of Learning through Failure in Entrepreneurship: Results of Qualitative Research," International Review of Management and Marketing, Econjournals, vol. 13(2), pages 19-27, March.
    17. David Deakins & Jo Bensemann, 2019. "Achieving Innovation In A Lean Environment: How Innovative Small Firms Overcome Resource Constraints," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(04), pages 1-36, May.
    18. Brandon A. Mueller & Dean A. Shepherd, 2016. "Making the Most of Failure Experiences: Exploring the Relationship between Business Failure and the Identification of Business Opportunities," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 40(3), pages 457-487, May.
    19. Pérez, Víctor Centeno & Kansikas, Juha, 2019. "Emotions and entrepreneurship education: State of the art and future research agenda," Working Papers 02/19, Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonn.
    20. Rebecca Funken & Michael M. Gielnik & Maw-Der Foo, 2020. "How Can Problems Be Turned Into Something Good? The Role of Entrepreneurial Learning and Error Mastery Orientation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 44(2), pages 315-338, March.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:intemj:v:17:y:2021:i:3:d:10.1007_s11365-020-00688-5. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.