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Stable Marital Histories Predict Happiness and Health Across Educational Groups

Author

Listed:
  • Miika Mäki

    (Population Research Institute at the Family Federation of Finland
    University of Helsinki
    Max Planck – University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health
    University of Helsinki)

  • Anna Erika Hägglund

    (Population Research Institute at the Family Federation of Finland
    University of Turku)

  • Anna Rotkirch

    (Population Research Institute at the Family Federation of Finland)

  • Sangita Kulathinal

    (University of Helsinki)

  • Mikko Myrskylä

    (Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research
    Max Planck – University of Helsinki Center for Social Inequalities in Population Health
    University of Helsinki)

Abstract

Couple relations are a key determinant of mental and physical well-being in old age. However, we do not know how the advantages and disadvantages associated with partnership histories vary between socioeconomic groups. We create relationship history typologies for the cohorts 1945-1957 using the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe and examine, for the first time, how relationship histories relate to multiple indicators of well-being by educational attainment. The results show that stable marriages predict greater well-being, compared to single and less stable partnership histories. The positive outcomes are similar across all educational groups. Those with lower education who have divorced experience even lower well-being in old age. The interaction analyses suggest that individuals with fewer resources could suffer more from losing a partner. The findings underscore that current and past romantic relationships are linked to well-being in old age and help policymakers identify vulnerable subgroups among the ageing population.

Suggested Citation

  • Miika Mäki & Anna Erika Hägglund & Anna Rotkirch & Sangita Kulathinal & Mikko Myrskylä, 2025. "Stable Marital Histories Predict Happiness and Health Across Educational Groups," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 41(1), pages 1-54, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:eurpop:v:41:y:2025:i:1:d:10.1007_s10680-025-09733-x
    DOI: 10.1007/s10680-025-09733-x
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