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Evaluation of heavy metal and microbial contamination in various water resources of West and North Sikkim, India

Author

Listed:
  • Horthing V. Zimik

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Anil Kumar Misra

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Rakesh Kr. Ranjan

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Nishchal Wanjari

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Smriti Basnett

    (Sikkim University (A Central University)
    Indian Institute of Science)

  • Goshaidas Roy

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Anirudra Rai

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Khushboo Sharma

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Manish Kumar Keshare

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

  • Swapan Dolui

    (Sikkim University (A Central University))

Abstract

The present study investigates coliform bacteria contaminations and heavy metal pollution vulnerability of springs, rivers, and household water samples in the climatically and lithologically distinct segments of the Sikkim Himalaya. A total of 42 samples were collected from West and North districts of Sikkim during the wet and dry seasons. The integrated approach applied in this study includes pollution evaluation indices and multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the intensity and source of pollution. The average concentrations of trace elements in the wet season in the order of their concentration are U

Suggested Citation

  • Horthing V. Zimik & Anil Kumar Misra & Rakesh Kr. Ranjan & Nishchal Wanjari & Smriti Basnett & Goshaidas Roy & Anirudra Rai & Khushboo Sharma & Manish Kumar Keshare & Swapan Dolui, 2024. "Evaluation of heavy metal and microbial contamination in various water resources of West and North Sikkim, India," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 7947-7972, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:endesu:v:26:y:2024:i:3:d:10.1007_s10668-023-03044-z
    DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03044-z
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. T. P. Barnett & J. C. Adam & D. P. Lettenmaier, 2005. "Potential impacts of a warming climate on water availability in snow-dominated regions," Nature, Nature, vol. 438(7066), pages 303-309, November.
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