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Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum

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  • Richelle L. Winkler

    (Michigan Technological University)

  • Kenneth M. Johnson

    (University of New Hampshire)

Abstract

This study analyzes the impact of migration on ethnoracial segregation among U.S. counties. Using county-level net migration estimates by age, race, and Hispanic origin from 1990–2000 and 2000–2010, we estimate migration’s impact on segregation by age and across space. Overall, migration served to integrate ethnoracial groups in both decades, whereas differences in natural population change (increase/decrease) would have increased segregation. Age differences, however, are stark. Net migration of the population under age 40 reduced segregation, while net migration of people over age 60 further segregated people. Migration up and down the rural-urban continuum (including suburbanization among people of color) did most to decrease segregation, while interregional migration had only a small impact. People of color tended to move toward more predominantly white counties and regions at all ages. Migration among white young adults (aged 20–39) also decreased segregation. Whites aged 40 and older, however, showed tendencies toward white flight. Moderate spatial variation suggests that segregation is diminishing the most in suburban and fringe areas of several metropolitan areas in the Northeast and Midwest, while parts of the South, Southwest, and Appalachia show little evidence of integration.

Suggested Citation

  • Richelle L. Winkler & Kenneth M. Johnson, 2016. "Moving Toward Integration? Effects of Migration on Ethnoracial Segregation Across the Rural-Urban Continuum," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 53(4), pages 1027-1049, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:demogr:v:53:y:2016:i:4:d:10.1007_s13524-016-0479-5
    DOI: 10.1007/s13524-016-0479-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Barrett A. Lee & Gregory Sharp, 2017. "Ethnoracial Diversity across the Rural-Urban Continuum," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 672(1), pages 26-45, July.
    2. Daniel T. Lichter & Kenneth M. Johnson, 2020. "A Demographic Lifeline? Immigration and Hispanic Population Growth in Rural America," Population Research and Policy Review, Springer;Southern Demographic Association (SDA), vol. 39(5), pages 785-803, October.
    3. Selod, Harris & Shilpi, Forhad, 2021. "Rural-urban migration in developing countries: Lessons from the literature," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    4. Michael Darden, 2020. "Cities and Smoking," NBER Working Papers 27334, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Chi, Guangqing & Ho, Hung Chak, 2018. "Population stress: A spatiotemporal analysis of population change and land development at the county level in the contiguous United States, 2001–2011," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 128-137.
    6. Albert Sabater & Gemma Catney, 2019. "Unpacking Summary Measures of Ethnic Residential Segregation Using an Age Group and Age Cohort Perspective," European Journal of Population, Springer;European Association for Population Studies, vol. 35(1), pages 161-189, February.
    7. Darden, Michael E., 2021. "Cities and Smoking," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    8. Danlin Yu & Chuanglin Fang, 2022. "How Neighborhood Characteristics Influence Neighborhood Crimes: A Bayesian Hierarchical Spatial Analysis," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-16, September.

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