IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/spr/alstar/v105y2021i2d10.1007_s10182-021-00405-9.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Inducing a desired value of correlation between two point-scale variables: a two-step procedure using copulas

Author

Listed:
  • Alessandro Barbiero

    (Università degli Studi di Milano)

Abstract

Focusing on point-scale random variables, i.e. variables whose support consists of the first m positive integers, we discuss how to build a joint distribution with pre-specified marginal distributions and Pearson’s correlation $$\rho $$ ρ . After recalling how the desired value $$\rho $$ ρ is not free to vary between $$-1$$ - 1 and $$+1$$ + 1 , but generally ranges a narrower interval, whose bounds depend on the two marginal distributions, we devise a procedure that first identifies a class of joint distributions, based on a parametric family of copulas, having the desired margins, and then adjusts the copula parameter in order to match the desired correlation. The proposed methodology addresses a need which often arises when assessing the performance and robustness of some new statistical technique, i.e. trying to build a huge number of replicates of a given dataset, which satisfy—on average—some of its features (for example, the empirical marginal distributions and the pairwise linear correlations). The proposal shows several advantages, such as—among others—allowing for dependence structures other than the Gaussian and being able to accommodate the copula parameter up to an assigned level of precision for $$\rho $$ ρ with a very small computational cost. Based on this procedure, we also suggest a two-step estimation technique for copula-based bivariate discrete distributions, which can be used as an alternative to full and two-step maximum likelihood estimation. Numerical illustration and empirical evidence are provided through some examples and a Monte Carlo simulation study, involving the CUB distribution and three different copulas; an application to real data is also discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Alessandro Barbiero, 2021. "Inducing a desired value of correlation between two point-scale variables: a two-step procedure using copulas," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 105(2), pages 307-334, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:alstar:v:105:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10182-021-00405-9
    DOI: 10.1007/s10182-021-00405-9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10182-021-00405-9
    File Function: Abstract
    Download Restriction: Access to the full text of the articles in this series is restricted.
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1007/s10182-021-00405-9?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Alan Agresti & Maria Kateri, 2019. "The class of CUB models: statistical foundations, inferential issues and empirical evidence," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 28(3), pages 445-449, September.
    2. Lee, A. J., 1997. "Some simple methods for generating correlated categorical variates," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 26(2), pages 133-148, December.
    3. Ivy Liu & Alan Agresti, 2005. "The analysis of ordered categorical data: An overview and a survey of recent developments," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 14(1), pages 1-73, June.
    4. N. Rao Chaganty & Harry Joe, 2006. "Range of correlation matrices for dependent Bernoulli random variables," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 93(1), pages 197-206, March.
    5. Sergei Leonov & Bahjat Qaqish, 2020. "Correlated endpoints: simulation, modeling, and extreme correlations," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 741-766, April.
    6. Ostap Okhrin & Anastasija Tetereva, 2017. "The Realized Hierarchical Archimedean Copula in Risk Modelling," Econometrics, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-31, June.
    7. Dong Hwan Oh & Andrew J. Patton, 2017. "Modeling Dependence in High Dimensions With Factor Copulas," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 35(1), pages 139-154, January.
    8. Hatzinger, Reinhold & Dittrich, Regina, 2012. "prefmod: An R Package for Modeling Preferences Based on Paired Comparisons, Rankings, or Ratings," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 48(i10).
    9. Hakan Demirtas, 2019. "Inducing Any Feasible Level of Correlation to Bivariate Data With Any Marginals," The American Statistician, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 73(3), pages 273-277, July.
    10. Andrew J. Patton, 2006. "Estimation of multivariate models for time series of possibly different lengths," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 21(2), pages 147-173, March.
    11. Yen Lee & David Kaplan, 2018. "Generating Multivariate Ordinal Data via Entropy Principles," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 83(1), pages 156-181, March.
    12. Qing Xiao, 2017. "Generating correlated random vector involving discrete variables," Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(4), pages 1594-1605, February.
    13. Amatya, Anup & Demirtas, Hakan, 2015. "OrdNor: An R Package for Concurrent Generation of Correlated Ordinal and Normal Data," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 68(c02).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jin Xisong & Lehnert Thorsten, 2018. "Large portfolio risk management and optimal portfolio allocation with dynamic elliptical copulas," Dependence Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 6(1), pages 19-46, February.
    2. Quanrui Song & Jianxu Liu & Songsak Sriboonchitta, 2019. "Risk Measurement of Stock Markets in BRICS, G7, and G20: Vine Copulas versus Factor Copulas," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-16, March.
    3. Nooraee, Nazanin & Molenberghs, Geert & van den Heuvel, Edwin R., 2014. "GEE for longitudinal ordinal data: Comparing R-geepack, R-multgee, R-repolr, SAS-GENMOD, SPSS-GENLIN," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 70-83.
    4. Baruch, Shmuel & Panayides, Marios & Venkataraman, Kumar, 2017. "Informed trading and price discovery before corporate events," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(3), pages 561-588.
    5. Tachibana, Minoru, 2022. "Safe haven assets for international stock markets: A regime-switching factor copula approach," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    6. Burda Martin & Bélisle Louis, 2019. "Copula multivariate GARCH model with constrained Hamiltonian Monte Carlo," Dependence Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 7(1), pages 133-149, January.
    7. Kastner, Gregor, 2019. "Sparse Bayesian time-varying covariance estimation in many dimensions," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 210(1), pages 98-115.
    8. Loaiza-Maya, Rubén & Smith, Michael Stanley & Nott, David J. & Danaher, Peter J., 2022. "Fast and accurate variational inference for models with many latent variables," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 230(2), pages 339-362.
    9. Agbeyegbe, Terence D., 2015. "An inverted U-shaped crude oil price return-implied volatility relationship," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 28-45.
    10. Warshaw, Evan, 2019. "Extreme dependence and risk spillovers across north american equity markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 237-251.
    11. Bu, Ruijun & Cheng, Jie & Hadri, Kaddour, 2016. "Reducible diffusions with time-varying transformations with application to short-term interest rates," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PA), pages 266-277.
    12. Hans Manner & Bertrand Candelon, 2010. "Testing For Asset Market Linkages: A New Approach Based On Time‐Varying Copulas," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(3), pages 364-384, August.
    13. Xun Lu & Kin Lai & Liang Liang, 2014. "Portfolio value-at-risk estimation in energy futures markets with time-varying copula-GARCH model," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 219(1), pages 333-357, August.
    14. Bassetti, Federico & De Giuli, Maria Elena & Nicolino, Enrica & Tarantola, Claudia, 2018. "Multivariate dependence analysis via tree copula models: An application to one-year forward energy contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 269(3), pages 1107-1121.
    15. Otranto, Edoardo, 2010. "Identifying financial time series with similar dynamic conditional correlation," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 1-15, January.
    16. Rodriguez, Juan Carlos, 2007. "Measuring financial contagion: A Copula approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 401-423, June.
    17. Mayer, Alexander & Wied, Dominik, 2023. "Estimation and inference in factor copula models with exogenous covariates," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 235(2), pages 1500-1521.
    18. Arnold Polanski & Evarist Stoja & Ching‐Wai (Jeremy) Chiu, 2021. "Tail risk interdependence," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(4), pages 5499-5511, October.
    19. Bambio, Yiriyibin & Bouayad Agha, Salima, 2018. "Land tenure security and investment: Does strength of land right really matter in rural Burkina Faso?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 130-147.
    20. Fernández, D. & Arnold, R. & Pledger, S., 2016. "Mixture-based clustering for the ordered stereotype model," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 46-75.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:spr:alstar:v:105:y:2021:i:2:d:10.1007_s10182-021-00405-9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sonal Shukla or Springer Nature Abstracting and Indexing (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.springer.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.