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Политика Приема В Вузы И Конкуренция Абитуриентов

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  • ВЕРБЕЦКИЙ АЛЕКСЕЙ ДМИТРИЕВИЧ

    (Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ)

  • ФРИДМАН АЛЛА АЛЕКСАНДРОВНА

    (Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»)

Abstract

В статье моделируется конкуренция студентов за бюджетные места в престижных вузах и исследуется влияние различных инструментов политики приема на выбор абитуриентов. В условиях ограниченности бюджетных мест отбор абитуриентов осуществляется в соответствии с рейтингом конкурсных баллов, который формируется на основе результатов единого государственного экзамена (ЕГЭ), участия в олимпиадах и других достижений абитуриентов. Определяя правила формирования конкурсного балла, вуз влияет на стимулы абитуриентов, которые в рамках рассматриваемой теоретической модели распределяют усилия между обучением и специальной подготовкой к экзаменам. Предполагается, что усилия, направленные на обучение, в большей степени способствуют созданию человеческого капитала, но являются менее эффективными, нежели целенаправленная подготовка к экзаменам, с точки зрения повышения конкурсного балла. Инструментом балансировки спроса и предложения является проходной балл, играющий роль цены при распределении бюджетных мест в престижных вузах. В работе показано, что возможность натаскивания на экзамен повышает шансы абитуриента на поступление, но снижает уровень человеческого капитала. Замещение обучения натаскиванием не отражается на рейтинге конкурсных баллов и не меняет состав зачисленных абитуриентов, но ухудшает качество набора, а также снижает проходной балл. Показано, что вузы, придавая больший вес олимпиадам и иным достижениям абитуриентов, могут улучшить качество набора в условиях, когда возможно натаскивание на тесты. На национальном уровне данная проблема может быть решена за счет регулярного обновления банка экзаменационных заданий и периодических изменений формата экзамена.

Suggested Citation

  • Вербецкий Алексей Дмитриевич & Фридман Алла Александровна, 2016. "Политика Приема В Вузы И Конкуренция Абитуриентов," Economic policy Экономическая политика, CyberLeninka;Автономная некоммерческая организация «Редакция журнала “Экономическая политика”», vol. 11(5), pages 68-91.
    • Handle: RePEc:scn:026845:16918035
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