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Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective

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  • Robert Cervero

    (Department of City and Regional Planning, 228 Wurster Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA)

Abstract

Many new towns are planned as balanced, self-contained communities. This paper examines the association between how self-contained new towns are and how their residents and workers commute, drawing upon experiences in the US, the UK, metropolitan Paris and greater Stockholm. While American new towns are fairly self-contained, their commuting characteristics are largely indistinguishable from less-planned control communities. Britain's most recent new towns are highly balanced and self-contained, yet they are comparatively auto-dependent. By contrast, the rail-served new towns outside Paris and Stockholm are the least self-contained among the new towns studied; however, most external commutes are by rail transit or other non-auto modes. In general, there was an inverse relationship between self-containment and transit commuting in the European new towns studied. The paper concludes that other policies, like coordinated transit services, more strongly influence commuting choices among new town residents and workers than initiatives aimed at jobs-housing balance and self-sufficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Cervero, 1995. "Planned Communities, Self-containment and Commuting: A Cross-national Perspective," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 32(7), pages 1135-1161, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:urbstu:v:32:y:1995:i:7:p:1135-1161
    DOI: 10.1080/00420989550012618
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Genevieve Giuliano & Kenneth A. Small, 1993. "Is the Journey to Work Explained by Urban Structure?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 30(9), pages 1485-1500, November.
    2. David Levinson & Ajay Kumar, 1994. "The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable," Working Papers 199402, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    3. Wachs, Martin & Taylor, Brian D. & Levine, Ned & Ong, Paul, 1993. "The Changing Commute: A Case Study of the Jobs/Housing Relationship over Time," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt7424635r, University of California Transportation Center.
    4. Handy, Susan L., 1992. "Regional Versus Local Accessibility: Neo-Traditional Development and Its Implications for Non-work Travel," University of California Transportation Center, Working Papers qt7gs0p1nc, University of California Transportation Center.
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    2. AlQuhtani, Saad & Anjomani, Ardeshir, 2019. "Do rail transit stations affect housing value changes? The Dallas Fort-Worth metropolitan area case and implications," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Yang Zhou & Caiyun Qian & Han Xiao & Jiachen Xin & Zixiong Wei & Qing Feng, 2019. "Coupling Research on Land Use and Travel Behaviors Along the Tram Based on Accessibility Measurement—Taking Nanjing Chilin Tram Line 1 as an Example," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-33, April.
    4. Arno J. Vlist & Piet Rietveld, 2007. "The Amsterdam Metropolitan Housing Market: How a Prosperous Metropolitan Area Co-exists with a Central City Dominated by Social Rental Housing for the Poor," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Åke E. Andersson & Lars Pettersson & Ulf Strömquist (ed.), European Metropolitan Housing Markets, chapter 7, pages 165-188, Springer.
    5. Zhou, Xingang & Yeh, Anthony G.O. & Yue, Yang, 2018. "Spatial variation of self-containment and jobs-housing balance in Shenzhen using cellphone big data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 102-108.
    6. Keone Kelobonye & Feng Mao & Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia & Mohammad Shahidul Hasan Swapan & Gary McCarney, 2019. "The Impact of Employment Self-Sufficiency Measures on Commuting Time: Case Study of Perth, Australia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-21, March.

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