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Balancing Concentration and Dispersion? Public Policy and Urban Structure in Toronto

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  • Pierre Filion

    (School of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada)

Abstract

By North American standards Toronto is a concentrated agglomeration. Its downtown has enjoyed spectacular growth since the 1960s; most inner-city neighbourhoods are perceived as desirable; and public transit patronage is high relative to that of same-size North American metropolitan regions. Still, it is within dispersed, car-oriented, suburbs that most post-1950 development has taken place. This agglomeration is composed of two realms—a concentrated and a dispersed realm—differentiated by their respective land-use-transportation dynamic. The concentrated realm is defined by a considerable reliance on walking and public transportation, a mixing of land uses and overall higher employment and residential densities than elsewhere in the metropolitan region. Meanwhile, the dispersed realm is car dependent, dominated by large monofunctional zones and developed at a relatively low density. The author links the coexistence and respective importance of these two realms in the Toronto agglomeration both to the nature of urban policies implemented since 1950 and to the circumstances that have led to their adoption. The construction of expressways, suburban type land-use planning, and a generous provision of open space have abetted dispersion. By contrast, the construction of a subway system and measures encouraging the redevelopment of underused land have promoted growth within the concentrated portion of the agglomeration. It is noteworthy, however, that these measures have failed in their attempts to induce concentration beyond the prewar urbanized perimeter. The author examines the positive and negative aspects of the presence of these two realms within a given agglomeration and highlights the threat newly adopted policies represent for the concentrated realm.

Suggested Citation

  • Pierre Filion, 2000. "Balancing Concentration and Dispersion? Public Policy and Urban Structure in Toronto," Environment and Planning C, , vol. 18(2), pages 163-189, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:sae:envirc:v:18:y:2000:i:2:p:163-189
    DOI: 10.1068/c2m
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Pierre Filion, 2010. "Reorienting Urban Development? Structural Obstruction to New Urban Forms," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 1-19, March.
    2. Salonen, Maria & Toivonen, Tuuli, 2013. "Modelling travel time in urban networks: comparable measures for private car and public transport," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 143-153.

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