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Regional Impact of Monetary Policy in India: A State-level Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Madhurima Koley
  • Kumarjit Mandal

Abstract

The study analyses the state-level effect of India’s monetary policy during the regime of a multiple indicator approach and a flexible inflation-targeting framework. The study employs a panel vector autoregression model to investigate the impact of a unified monetary policy on the economic growth of four groups of Indian states: high-income states, upper-middle-income states, lower-middle-income states and low-income states. The results of the impulse response functions indicate significant cross-state variation in response to policy interventions, both in terms of extent and timing. The response of states’ economic growth to unified monetary policy shocks is found to vary across the four states using quantitative (M 3 /P) or price-based measures of monetary policy (repo rate). While shocks in repo rate are subject to a response lag of one period, the responses of the states to changes in aggregate money supply are immediate with high-income states showing a negative response to changes in M 3 /P. The study supports previous findings that monetary policy’s regional effects are influenced by the share of manufacturing and construction, distribution of large versus small firms and availability of credit from banked sources. Both the interest rate channel and the credit channel in monetary policy operations appear to co-exist for the decentralized Indian economy. JEL Classifications: E52, E58, E 27, E47, R11

Suggested Citation

  • Madhurima Koley & Kumarjit Mandal, 2025. "Regional Impact of Monetary Policy in India: A State-level Analysis," South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance, , vol. 14(2), pages 222-242, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:smppub:v:14:y:2025:i:2:p:222-242
    DOI: 10.1177/22779787251375174
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • E47 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

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