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Psychometric Evaluation of the Japanese Version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist in Community Dwellers Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Incident

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  • Hajime Iwasa
  • Yuriko Suzuki
  • Tetsuya Shiga
  • Masaharu Maeda
  • Hirooki Yabe
  • Seiji Yasumura

Abstract

We investigated the psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Stressor Specific Version (PCL-S) using baseline data from the Fukushima Health Management Survey. A total of 26,332 men and 33,516 women aged 16 and above participated in this study. Participants lived in the Fukushima evacuation zone in Japan and experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake and nuclear power plant (NPP) incident. The PCL-S was used to assess participants’ posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In addition, we described participants and tested the validity of the PCL-S by administering the Kessler Six-item Screening Scale for Psychological Distress (K6) and assessing education; employment; self-rated health; sleep satisfaction; experiencing the earthquake, tsunami, and NPP incident; and bereavement as a result of the disaster. PCL-S scores exhibited a positively skewed, slightly leptokurtic distribution. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the five-factor model was a better fit than were the three- or four-factor models. The PCL-S and its subscales had high Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. The PCL-S scores had weak-to-moderate correlations with history of mental illness, bereavement, experiencing the tsunami, experiencing the NPP incident, self-rated health, and sleep satisfaction, as well as a strong correlation with psychological distress. There were significant gender and age differences in PCL-S scores. Overall, this study confirmed the psychometric properties of the PCL-S, including the score distribution, factor structure, reliability, validity, and gender and age differences. Thus, the Japanese version of the PCL-S would be a useful instrument for assessing the PTSD symptoms of community dwellers who have experienced traumatic events.

Suggested Citation

  • Hajime Iwasa & Yuriko Suzuki & Tetsuya Shiga & Masaharu Maeda & Hirooki Yabe & Seiji Yasumura, 2016. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Japanese Version of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist in Community Dwellers Following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Incident," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(2), pages 21582440166, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:sae:sagope:v:6:y:2016:i:2:p:2158244016652444
    DOI: 10.1177/2158244016652444
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    1. Geoff Brumfiel, 2013. "Fukushima: Fallout of fear," Nature, Nature, vol. 493(7432), pages 290-293, January.
    2. Paxson, Christina & Fussell, Elizabeth & Rhodes, Jean & Waters, Mary, 2012. "Five years later: Recovery from post traumatic stress and psychological distress among low-income mothers affected by Hurricane Katrina," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 74(2), pages 150-157.
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    1. Masatsugu Orui & Chihiro Nakayama & Nobuaki Moriyama & Masaharu Tsubokura & Kiyotaka Watanabe & Takeo Nakayama & Minoru Sugita & Seiji Yasumura, 2021. "Those Who Have Continuing Radiation Anxiety Show High Psychological Distress in Cases of High Post-Traumatic Stress: The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-16, November.
    2. Itaru Miura & Masato Nagai & Masaharu Maeda & Mayumi Harigane & Senta Fujii & Misari Oe & Hirooki Yabe & Yuriko Suzuki & Hideto Takahashi & Tetsuya Ohira & Seiji Yasumura & Masafumi Abe, 2017. "Perception of Radiation Risk as a Predictor of Mid-Term Mental Health after a Nuclear Disaster: The Fukushima Health Management Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-13, September.
    3. Toshiki Sanoh & Eri Eguchi & Tetsuya Ohira & Fumikazu Hayashi & Masaharu Maeda & Seiji Yasumura & Yuriko Suzuki & Hirooki Yabe & Atsushi Takahashi & Kanae Takase & Mayumi Harigane & Takashi Hisamatsu , 2020. "Association between Psychological Factors and Evacuation Status and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Prospective Study of the Fukushima Health Manageme," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Eri Eguchi & Tetsuya Ohira & Hironori Nakano & Fumikazu Hayashi & Kanako Okazaki & Mayumi Harigane & Narumi Funakubo & Atsushi Takahashi & Kanae Takase & Masaharu Maeda & Seiji Yasumura & Hirooki Yabe, 2021. "Association between Laughter and Lifestyle Diseases after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(23), pages 1-12, December.
    5. Yuriko Suzuki & Yoshitake Takebayashi & Seiji Yasumura & Michio Murakami & Mayumi Harigane & Hirooki Yabe & Tetsuya Ohira & Akira Ohtsuru & Satomi Nakajima & Masaharu Maeda, 2018. "Changes in Risk Perception of the Health Effects of Radiation and Mental Health Status: The Fukushima Health Management Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-11, June.
    6. Yuka Ueda & Fumikazu Hayashi & Tetsuya Ohira & Masaharu Maeda & Seiji Yasumura & Itaru Miura & Shuntaro Itagaki & Michio Shimabukuro & Hironori Nakano & Kenji Kamiya & Hirooki Yabe, 2022. "A Six-Year Prospective Study on Problem Drinking among Evacuees of the Great East Japan Earthquake: The Fukushima Health Management Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-21, December.
    7. Masatsugu Orui & Chihiro Nakayama & Nobuaki Moriyama & Masaharu Tsubokura & Kiyotaka Watanabe & Takeo Nakayama & Minoru Sugita & Seiji Yasumura, 2020. "Current Psychological Distress, Post-traumatic Stress, and Radiation Health Anxiety Remain High for Those Who Have Rebuilt Permanent Homes Following the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(24), pages 1-14, December.

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