IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/rvofce/ofce_0751-6614_1997_num_62_1_1466.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Le rôle des déficits publics dans la formation des taux d'intérêt

Author

Listed:
  • Olivier Passet

Abstract

[fre] Les déficits publics ont-ils une forte influence sur les taux d'intérêt réels ? Ce point de vue a largement imprégné le discours politique et est étayé par un certain nombre de démonstrations empiriques. Il s'appuie sur des représentations théoriques selon lesquelles le niveau des taux d'intérêt réel est représentatif des déséquilibres entre épargne et investissement (ou de manière équivalente des déséquilibres sur le marché des biens). Mais cette interprétation suppose en outre que l'état, par son action discrétionnaire, modifie fortement l'équilibre du marché des capitaux et donc le taux d'intérêt. L'article qui suit n'a pas V ambition d'offrir une contradiction d'ordre théorique à cette thèse. Il cherche plutôt à inventorier un certain nombre d'anomalies factuelles qui contredisent la version selon laquelle la hausse puis la persistance d'un niveau élevé des taux d'intérêt seraient surtout imputables aux modifications exogènes des comportements d'épargne, en particulier publics. Trois types ď arguments sont avancés qui peuvent faire l'objet d'une lecture séparée : La première partie, souligne d'abord les limites de certaines démonstrations empiriques du lien entre déficit public et taux d'intérêt. Le simple examen des enchaînements financiers depuis 1960 permet de constater que les principales variations de taux d'intérêt {en premier lieu celle de 1979) précèdent en général de plusieurs années les inflexions les plus notables des comportements d'épargne. Cette chronologie ne facilite donc pas les interprétations qui partent de l'épargne, en tant que variable exogène, pour expliquer les taux. La seconde partie rappelle ensuite qu 'à court terme, dans le cas américain, la volatilité des taux longs réels au cours du cycle est relativement faible et peu corrélée avec les tensions sur le marché des biens ou l'évolution du déficit public. Enfin, dans le cas américain, une représentation alternative, certes aussi partielle que la précédente, peut être validée empiriquement : selon cette dernière, la formation des taux, relève (directement pour les taux courts, indirectement pour les taux longs) de la fonction de réaction de la Banque centrale. Les taux ne sont plus alors la résultante d'un mécanisme ď ajustement de marché, mais le fruit de la mise en œuvre d'une règle monétaire, qui à partir de la fin de 1979 incorpore notamment une cible d'inflation. Sous cette hypothèse, les déséquilibres entre épargne et investissement que certains interprètent comme exogènes au taux d'intérêt apparaissent avant tout liés au changement de priorité que se sont fixées les autorités monétaires en matière d'inflation. [eng] The rise in long term real interest rate is often ascribed to rising public deficits. This political conventional wisdom is supported by numerous empirical evidences. It is also in line with the theories according to which real interest rates are determined by equating saving to investment. Moreover, it implies that public authorities are supposed to be the driving- force which influences ex ante saving-investment equilibrium. The goal of this paper is not to engage a theoretical controversy. It rather looks to show empirical anomalies which are at variance with this view. The first part of the paper criticises some empirical evidences. A simple look on the financial chronology since 1960 shows that the main variations of real interest rates generally occur several years before those concerning saving behaviour. Such sequence is inconsistent with the point of view according to which interest rates are a consequence of exogenous variations of saving. The second part highlights the low cyclical volatility of real long term American interest rate. More generally, linkage between real long term interest rate and supply tensions or public deficit variations is tenuous. Finally, concerning the United-States, an other approach can be tested, according to which the monetary policy, contrary to the conventional wisdom, is an important factor behind the evolution of real interest rates. Short term interest rates are directly (and long term interest rates indirectly) determined by the reaction function of the central bank. Consequently interest rates are not the result of a pure market process. According to the following approach they are driven by a monetary rule which includes a price stability target since the end of 1979.

Suggested Citation

  • Olivier Passet, 1997. "Le rôle des déficits publics dans la formation des taux d'intérêt," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 62(1), pages 29-74.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1997_num_62_1_1466
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1997.1466
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1997.1466
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ofce.1997.1466
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ofce_0751-6614_1997_num_62_1_1466
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/ofce.1997.1466?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olivier Passet & Christine Rifflart & Henri Sterdyniak, 1997. "Ralentissement de la croissance potentielle et hausse du chômage," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 60(1), pages 109-146.
    2. Barro, Robert J. & Gordon, David B., 1983. "Rules, discretion and reputation in a model of monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1), pages 101-121.
    3. Olivier J. Blanchard & Lawrence H. Summers, 1984. "Perspectives on High World Real Interest Rates," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 15(2), pages 273-334.
    4. Barro, Robert J, 1992. " World Interest Rates and Investment," Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 94(2), pages 323-342.
    5. Jacques Le Cacheux, 1994. "Les banques américaines et la baisse des taux d'intérêt," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(1), pages 131-150.
    6. Michel Aglietta, 1993. "Crises et cycles financiers : une approche comparative," Revue d'Économie Financière, Programme National Persée, vol. 26(3), pages 5-50.
    7. Jacques Adda & Philippe Sigogne, 1993. "Eléments pour une approche endogène des retournements conjoncturels," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(1), pages 95-158.
    8. Taylor, John B., 1993. "Discretion versus policy rules in practice," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 195-214, December.
    9. Jean-François Loué, 1996. "L'influence de la politique monétaire sur les taux d'intérêt," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 59(1), pages 101-133.
    10. Kydland, Finn E & Prescott, Edward C, 1977. "Rules Rather Than Discretion: The Inconsistency of Optimal Plans," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 85(3), pages 473-491, June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Carlos Vieira, 2004. "The Deficit?Interest Rate Connection: an empirical assessment of the EU," Economics Working Papers 5_2004, University of Évora, Department of Economics (Portugal).
    2. Alexandre Grit, 2022. "Gallicagram : un outil pour comprendre les enjeux d'opinion à propos de la soutenabilité budgétaire ?," Post-Print hal-03845936, HAL.
    3. Hélène Baudchon, 1997. "Le modèle américain : « une reconversion réussie mais inachevée»," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 63(1), pages 93-142.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5221 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Bruno Ducoudre, 2008. "Structure par terme des taux d’intérêt et anticipations de la politique économique," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/5221, Sciences Po.
    3. Eric Dubois, 1998. "Taux d'intérêt réels élevés dans le monde et crédibilité des autorités monétaires," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 13(1), pages 89-122.
    4. Kui-Wai Li, 2013. "The US monetary performance prior to the 2008 crisis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(24), pages 3450-3461, August.
    5. Pelin Ilbas, 2006. "Optimal Monetary Policy rules for the Euro area in a DSGE framework," Working Papers of Department of Economics, Leuven ces0613, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Department of Economics, Leuven.
    6. Kuikeu, Oscar, 2011. "Arguments contre la zone franc [Against the cfa franc zone]," MPRA Paper 33710, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Lars P Feld & Volker Wieland, 2021. "The German Federal Constitutional Court Ruling and the European Central Bank’s Strategy," Journal of Financial Regulation, Oxford University Press, vol. 7(2), pages 217-253.
    8. Aurélien Goutsmedt, 2021. "From the Stagflation to the Great Inflation: Explaining the US economy of the 1970s," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 131(3), pages 557-582.
    9. Jamus Jerome Lim, 2021. "The limits of central bank independence for inflation performance," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 186(3), pages 309-335, March.
    10. Huiping Yuan & Stephen M. Miller & Langnan Chen, 2011. "The Optimality And Controllability Of Monetary Policy Through Delegation With Consistent Targets," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 58(1), pages 82-106, February.
    11. Axel Löffler & Gunther Schnabl & Franziska Schobert, 2012. "Limits of Monetary Policy Autonomy by East Asian Debtor Central Banks," CESifo Working Paper Series 3742, CESifo.
    12. KAMGNA, Severin Yves & NGUENANG, Christian & TALABONG, Hervé & OULD, Isselmou, 2009. "Fonction de reaction de la banque centrale et credibilite de la politique monétaire: Cas de la BEAC [Central Bank reaction fonction and monetary policy credibility: The case of BEAC]," MPRA Paper 16557, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Philip Arestis & Malcolm Sawyer, 2010. "What Monetary Policy after the Crisis?," Review of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(4), pages 499-515.
    14. Cleomar Gomes da silva & Flavio V. Vieira, 2016. "Monetary policy decision making: the role of ideology, institutions and central bank independence," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 36(4), pages 2051-2062.
    15. Masciandaro, Donato, 2022. "Independence, conservatism, and beyond: Monetary policy, central bank governance and central banker preferences (1981–2021)," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    16. Anton Nakov, 2008. "Optimal and Simple Monetary Policy Rules with Zero Floor on the Nominal Interest Rate," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 4(2), pages 73-127, June.
    17. Akhand Akhtar Hossain, 2009. "Central Banking and Monetary Policy in the Asia-Pacific," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 12777.
    18. Jorge Enrique Restrepo Londono, 1998. "Reglas monetarias en una economía pequena y abierta," Revista ESPE - Ensayos Sobre Política Económica, Banco de la República, vol. 17(33), pages 61-84, July.
    19. Stephen J. Turnovsky, 2011. "Stabilization Theory and Policy: 50 Years after the Phillips Curve," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 78(309), pages 67-88, January.
    20. Donato Masciandaro & Davide Romelli, 2019. "Behavioral Monetary Policymaking: Economics, Political Economy and Psychology," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Behavioral Finance The Coming of Age, chapter 9, pages 285-329, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    21. Peter Isard & Douglas Laxton & Ann-Charlotte Eliasson, 1999. "Simple Monetary Policy Rules Under Model Uncertainty," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 6(4), pages 537-577, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1997_num_62_1_1466. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/ofce .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.