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Cycle réel, représentation VAR et ouverture de l'économie française

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  • Catherine Bruno
  • Franck Portier

Abstract

[eng] Real Business Cycle, VAR Representation and the Openness of the French Economy Catherine Bruno, Franck Portier Two fruitful extensions of the RBC paradigm were recently developed. The first one concerns the open economy and is motivated by some empirical regularities in key international indicators:for instance, the strong correlation between savings (S) and investment (I) even if the degree of capital mobility is high and the character of the trade balance is countercyclical (ТВ). The second one concerns the introduction of other inputs into the production function, energy in particular. This extension is motivated by the major role that oil price shocks (pe) played over the last twenty years. In this paper, we combine these two extensions in order to replicate the French business cycle. We focus on international stylized facts (S-l, Pe-Y,TB-Y correlations) and on the empirical relevance of RBC model with technological shocks. Thus, we develop a theoretical model whose main characteristics are the following :the world real interest rate is exogenous, imported energy enters the production function, physical capital mobility is imperfect and financial asset substitutability too. This last assumption means that national agents prefer national assets: it is a convenient way of solving and simulating the RBC open-economy model. We then use two different techniques in order to validate the model :firstly, the comparison of observed and simulated second order moments and secondly the comparison of simulated impulse response functions with estimated VAR ones. The latter technique is new. It shows that the RBC model does not fit well the data, even though it performs well by the standards of the first technique. [fre] A la suite des travaux fondateurs de Kydland et Prescott (1982) et de Long et Plosser (1983), la théorie du cycle réel (Real Business Cycle theory) propose une explication des fluctuations macroéconomiques conjoncturelles utilisant comme cadre de référence théorique le modèle néoclassique de croissance. La modélisation RBC permet une représentation simplifiée et fortement spécifiée de l'économie, représentation généralement soumise à validation quantitative par le biais de simulations stochastiques. Deux extensions récentes du paradigme RBC retiennent plus particulièrement notre attention dans cet article : la première concerne la prise en compte de la dimension économie ouverte des économies occidentales modernes ; la seconde permet l'introduction de facteurs de production autres que le capital et le travail dans la fonction de production. Notre objectif est ici de concilier ces deux développements récents de la théorie du cycle réel en modélisant la France comme une petite économie ouverte (i.e. sans influence sur le taux d'intérêt mondial), important de l'énergie faiblement substituable au capital national et à un prix également exogène. Sur un plan empirique, nous développons deux techniques de validation du modèle théorique : nous procédons à des simulations stochastiques et comparons les moments d'ordre deux théoriques — issus du modèle — à ceux observés — issus des données. Cette méthode de validation est couramment utilisée par les théoriciensdircycle réel. Nous étendons cette méthddede validation courante à la comparaison des fonctions de réponse à un choc du modèle RBC avec les fonctions de réponse à un choc estimées selon une représentation vectorielle autorégressive (VAR). Les principales limites de ce travail nous semblent de deux ordres. D'une part, le problème technique de non-stationnarité du modèle linéarisé d'une petite économie ouverte a été résolu en supposant que les titres nationaux et étrangers n'étaient pas parfaitement substituables, et ce en intégrant négativement le niveau absolu du stock d'actifs étrangers à la fonction d'utilité. Une telle hypothèse, de parson caractère « ad hoc », devra être abandonnée au profit d'une spécification plus explicite dans nos travaux futurs. D'autre part, le caractère peu convaincant de la comparaison des réponses aux chocs RBC versus VAR pose un problème plus général du traitement de la tendance stochastique dans la littérature RBC et de l'articulation valide cycle-tendance qu'elle permettrait.

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  • Catherine Bruno & Franck Portier, 1993. "Cycle réel, représentation VAR et ouverture de l'économie française," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 45(1), pages 245-281.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1993_num_45_1_1329
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1993.1329
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1993.1329
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    1. Kollmann, R., 1996. "The Exchange rate in a Dynamic-Optimizing Current Account Model with Nominal Rigidities : A Quantitative Investigation," Other publications TiSEM c9241581-7b87-4f50-ab98-a, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    2. Catherine Bruno, 1995. "L'Allemagne joue-t-elle le rôle de locomotive vis-à-vis de la France ?," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 53(1), pages 165-195.
    3. Kollmann, Robert, 1996. "Incomplete asset markets and the cross-country consumption correlation puzzle," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 945-961, May.

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