IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/rvofce/ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_42_1_1294.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

L'efficience et la formation des anticipations sur le marché des changes

Author

Listed:
  • Rahim Loufir
  • Catherine Bruno
  • Pascal Jacquinot

Abstract

[eng] Efficiency and Formation of Expectations in Exchange Markets . The aim of this article is twofold : first to analyse the efficiency properties of the French franc and the American dollar exchange markets : second, to determine the nature of exchange rate expectations in these markets for monthly and quarterly horizons over the period 1980- 1990. . The efficiency test — based on the joint hypothesis of no risk and no bias — takes into account the possible non stationarity of the time series and the possible interaction between currencies — the French franc, American dollar, British pound, Japanese yen, Deutsche mark and the Italian lira. We conclude that only the franc- dollar and the mark- franc exchange markets are efficient over this period. . The rejection of efficiency in other markets leads us to examine three processes of expectations formation : adaptive, extrapolative and regressive. Actually, the heterogeneity of expectations according to the horizon is a possible explanation of inefficiency. More generally, the determination of the nature of these expectations allows us to understand the evolution of the expected exchange rate.. In continuous time modelling where we notably avoid an arbitrary expression of unobservable variables such asthe exchange target, we conclude that exchange rate expectations of the dollar, the pound, and the yen vis-à-vis the franc, and the mark vis-à-vis the dollar are regressive for both horizons — monthly and quarterly. Since the nature of these expectations is homogenous, it cannot be an explanation of the inefficiency of the corresponding exchange markets. [fre] L'objet de cet article est d'abord d'analyser les propriétés d'efficience des marchés des changes du franc et du dollar puis de déterminer la nature des anticipations de change sur ces marchés pour des horizons prévisionnels d'un et trois mois sur la période 1980-1990. . La mise en œuvre du test d'efficience — fondé sur l'hypothèse jointe d'absence de prime de risque et d'erreurs systématiques d'anticipations — prend explicitement en compte le caractère non stationnaire des données et l'interaction possible entre les devises — le franc, le dollar, la livre, le yen, le mark et la lire. A ce stade de l'analyse, on doit conclure que seuls les marchés des changes du franc vis-à-vis du dollar ainsi que du mark vis-à-vis du franc sont efficients sur la période. . Le rejet de l'efficience pour les autres marchés des changes conduit à s'interroger sur la formation des anticipations de change dont la nature est adaptative, régressive ou extrapolative. En effet, l'hétérogénéité des anticipations selon l'horizon prévisionnel constitue une explication possible de l 'inefficience. Plus généralement, la détermination de la nature des anticipations de change permet de mieux connaître l'évolution des taux de change au comptant futurs. . A partir d'une modélisation en temps continu présentant notamment l'avantage d'éviter de donner une expression arbitraire à des variables inobservables comme la cible de change, on est amené à conclure que les anticipations de change pour le dollar, la livre, le yen vis-à-vis du franc et pour le mark vis-à-vis du dollar sont régressives pour les deux horizons prévisionnels considérés. Par conséquent, la nature de ces anticipations étant homogène, elle ne peut pas constituer une explication de l'inefficience des marchés des changes correspondants.

Suggested Citation

  • Rahim Loufir & Catherine Bruno & Pascal Jacquinot, 1992. "L'efficience et la formation des anticipations sur le marché des changes," Revue de l'OFCE, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(1), pages 249-282.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_42_1_1294
    DOI: 10.3406/ofce.1992.1294
    Note: DOI:10.3406/ofce.1992.1294
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/ofce.1992.1294
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_42_1_1294
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/ofce.1992.1294?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Olivier Davanne, 1990. "La dynamique des taux de change," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 236(1), pages 37-50.
    2. Hansen, Lars Peter & Hodrick, Robert J, 1980. "Forward Exchange Rates as Optimal Predictors of Future Spot Rates: An Econometric Analysis," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(5), pages 829-853, October.
    3. Baillie, Richard T & Bollerslev, Tim, 1989. " Common Stochastic Trends in a System of Exchange Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 44(1), pages 167-181, March.
    4. Shleifer, Andrei & Summers, Lawrence H, 1990. "The Noise Trader Approach to Finance," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 4(2), pages 19-33, Spring.
    5. Frankel, Jeffrey A & Froot, Kenneth A, 1987. "Using Survey Data to Test Standard Propositions Regarding Exchange Rate Expectations," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 77(1), pages 133-153, March.
    6. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    7. Hakkio, Craig S, 1981. "Expectations and the Forward Exchange Rate," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 22(3), pages 663-678, October.
    8. Lewis, Karen K, 1989. "Changing Beliefs and Systematic Rational Forecast Errors with Evidence from Foreign Exchange," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 79(4), pages 621-636, September.
    9. Robert A. Mundell, 1962. "The Appropriate Use of Monetary and Fiscal Policy for Internal and External Stability," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 9(1), pages 70-79, March.
    10. Sephton, Peter S. & Larsen, Hans K., 1991. "Tests of exchange market efficiency: fragile evidence from cointegration tests," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(4), pages 561-570, December.
    11. Fisher, Franklin M, 1970. "A Correspondence Principle for Simultaneous Equation Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 38(1), pages 73-92, January.
    12. Wymer, C R, 1972. "Econometric Estimation of Stochastic Differential Equation Systems," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 40(3), pages 565-577, May.
    13. Hakkio, Craig S. & Rush, Mark, 1989. "Market efficiency and cointegration: an application to the sterling and deutschemark exchange markets," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 8(1), pages 75-88, March.
    14. Meese, Richard A. & Rogoff, Kenneth, 1983. "Empirical exchange rate models of the seventies : Do they fit out of sample?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(1-2), pages 3-24, February.
    15. Branson, William H. & Halttunen, Hannu & Masson, Paul, 1977. "Exchange rates in the short run: The dollar-dentschemark rate," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 303-324.
    16. Baillie, Richard T & Lippens, Robert E & McMahon, Patrick C, 1983. "Testing Rational Expectations and Efficiency in the Foreign Exchange Market," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 51(3), pages 553-563, May.
    17. Cumby, Robert E., 1988. "Is it risk? : Explaining deviations from uncovered interest parity," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 279-299, September.
    18. May, Josef, 1970. "Period analysis and continuous analysis in Patinkin's macroeconomic model," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 2(1), pages 1-9, March.
    19. Gilles Nancy & Jean-Luc Fuguet & Hew Wah Lai Tong, 1988. "Mobilité imparfaite des capitaux et dynamique des cours de change. Le cas du SME," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(5), pages 921-950.
    20. Dornbusch, Rudiger, 1976. "Expectations and Exchange Rate Dynamics," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 84(6), pages 1161-1176, December.
    21. Fama, Eugene F, 1970. "Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 25(2), pages 383-417, May.
    22. Granger, Clive W J, 1986. "Developments in the Study of Cointegrated Economic Variables," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 48(3), pages 213-228, August.
    23. Fama, Eugene F., 1984. "Forward and spot exchange rates," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 14(3), pages 319-338, November.
    24. Johansen, Soren, 1988. "Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 12(2-3), pages 231-254.
    25. Michel Galy, 1988. "Le marché des changes est-il efficient ?," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 39(5), pages 913-920.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Frédérique Bec & Mélika Ben Salem & Emma Ben Youssef, 1997. "An empirical testing of exchange market efficiency hypothesis [Une évaluation empirique de l'efficience du marché deschanges]," Post-Print hal-01851744, HAL.
    2. Frédérique Bec & Mélika Ben Salem & Emma Ben Youssef, 1997. "Une évaluation empirique de l'efficience du marché des changes," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 48(4), pages 921-936.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Engel, Charles, 1996. "The forward discount anomaly and the risk premium: A survey of recent evidence," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 123-192, June.
    2. Brenner, Robin J. & Kroner, Kenneth F., 1995. "Arbitrage, Cointegration, and Testing the Unbiasedness Hypothesis in Financial Markets," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 30(1), pages 23-42, March.
    3. Frédérique Bec & Mélika Ben Salem & Emma Ben Youssef, 1997. "An empirical testing of exchange market efficiency hypothesis [Une évaluation empirique de l'efficience du marché deschanges]," Post-Print hal-01851744, HAL.
    4. Macide Cicek, 2014. "A Cointegration Test for Turkish Foreign Exchange Market Efficiency," Asian Economic and Financial Review, Asian Economic and Social Society, vol. 4(4), pages 451-471, April.
    5. Panayiotis Diamandis & Georgios Kouretas, 1995. "Cointegration and market efficiency: a time series analysis of the Greek drachma," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(8), pages 271-277.
    6. Giannellis, Nikolaos & Papadopoulos, Athanasios P., 2009. "Testing for efficiency in selected developing foreign exchange markets: An equilibrium-based approach," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 155-166, January.
    7. Kühl, Michael, 2010. "Bivariate cointegration of major exchange rates, cross-market efficiency and the introduction of the Euro," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 62(1), pages 1-19, January.
    8. Shyh-Wei Chen, 2010. "Testing the hypothesis of market efficiency in the Taiwan-US forward exchange market since 1990," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 42(1), pages 121-132.
    9. Aggarwal, Raj & Mougoue, Mbodja, 1998. "Common Stochastic Trends among Asian Currencies: Evidence for Japan, ASEANs, and the Asian Tigers," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 10(2), pages 193-206, March.
    10. Ledenyov, Dimitri O. & Ledenyov, Viktor O., 2015. "Wave function method to forecast foreign currencies exchange rates at ultra high frequency electronic trading in foreign currencies exchange markets," MPRA Paper 67470, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Napolitano, Oreste, 2000. "The efficiency hypothesis and the role of ‘news’ in the Euro/British pound exchange rate market: an empirical analysis using daily data," ISER Working Paper Series 2000-30, Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    12. Abraham, Abraham, 1999. "Interest rate dynamics and speculative trading in a fixed exchange rate system," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 8(2), pages 213-222, June.
    13. Kühl, Michael, 2007. "Cointegration in the foreign exchange market and market efficiency since the introduction of the Euro: Evidence based on bivariate cointegration analyses," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 68, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
    14. Jeon, Bang Nam & Seo, Byeongseon, 2003. "The impact of the Asian financial crisis on foreign exchange market efficiency: The case of East Asian countries," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 509-525, September.
    15. Aggarwal, Raj & Mougoue, Mbodja, 1996. "Cointegration among Asian currencies: Evidence of the increasing influence of the Japanese yen," Japan and the World Economy, Elsevier, vol. 8(3), pages 291-308, September.
    16. Oscar Varela, 1999. "Futures and realized cash or settle prices for gold, silver, and copper," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(2), pages 121-138, September.
    17. Caporale, G. M. & Pittis, N., 1998. "Cointegration and predictability of asset prices1," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 441-453, June.
    18. Graham Elliott & Takatoshi Ito, 1995. "Heterogeneous Expectations and Tests of Efficiency in the Yen/Dollar Forward Foreign Exchange Rate Market," NBER Working Papers 5376, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    19. Montserrat Ferre & Stephen Hall, 2002. "Foreign exchange market efficiency and cointegration," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(2), pages 131-139.
    20. Douglas J. Hodgson & Oliver Linton & Keith Vorkink, 2004. "Testing Forward Exchange Rate Unbiasedness Efficiently: A Semiparametric Approach," Journal of Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 325-353, May.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:rvofce:ofce_0751-6614_1992_num_42_1_1294. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/ofce .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.