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Concurrence en prix et équilibres cournotiens

Author

Listed:
  • Louis-André Gérard-Varet
  • Rodolphe Dos Santos Ferreira
  • Claude d'Aspremont

Abstract

[eng] Price competition and cournotian equilibria. . Contrary to a widespread belief, strategie choices described by the Cournotian model are not confined to quantities. Only, price strategies are constrained by the fact that « the priee is necessarily the same » for producers of a homogeneous good. This idea is modelled by introducing a pricing scheme P which associates a uniform market priee with producers's announced priees. The authors then define a P-equilibrium (in quantities and priees) associated with such a scheme ; this equilibrium leads to the same outcome as Cournot equilibrium, as soon as the scheme allows enough control. Business practices that may sustain some of these pricing schemes are also discussed. [fre] Concurrence en prix et équilibres cournotiens. . Contrairement à une croyance répandue, les choix stratégiques décrits dans le modèle cournotien ne sont pas restreints aux quantités. Seulement, les choix de prix sont contraints par le fait que « le prix est nécessairement le même » pour les producteurs d'un bien homogène. Les auteurs modélisent cette idée en introduisant un schéma de prix P associant un prix uniforme de marché aux prix affichés par les producteurs. Ils définissent ensuite un P-équilibre (en quantités et prix), associé à un tel schéma ; cet équilibre conduit au même résultat que l'équilibre de Cournot, dès lors que le schéma est suffisamment manipulable. Ils discutent également les pratiques commerciales qui peuvent sous-tendre certains de ces schémas.. Le concept de P-équilibre est ensuite étendu au cas de produits multiples ou différenciés, ce qui généralise à la fois les équilibres de Cournot et Chamberlin. La question du choix des quantités ou des prix comme variables stratégiques est reprise dans ce contexte. Enfin, les auteurs' montrent, dans le cadre d'un modèle spatial de différenciation horizontale du produit, que le concept de P-équilibre permet, pour un choix approprié du schéma P, de répondre à la question d'existence qui guette équilibres en prix et équilibres en quantités dès que la différenciation est trop faible.

Suggested Citation

  • Louis-André Gérard-Varet & Rodolphe Dos Santos Ferreira & Claude d'Aspremont, 1991. "Concurrence en prix et équilibres cournotiens," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 42(6), pages 967-996.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:reveco:reco_0035-2764_1991_num_42_6_409325
    DOI: 10.3406/reco.1991.409325
    Note: DOI:10.3406/reco.1991.409325
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