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Introduction : Patrimoine et comportements d’épargne, les apports de l’enquête Patrimoine 2010

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  • Jérôme Accardo
  • Luc Arrondel
  • Pierre Lamarche

Abstract

[fre] pas mieux tomber. Elle intervient au moment où le succès du livre de T. Piketty, . Le capital au XXIe siècle, a réveillé l’intérêt du monde académique et du grand public pour la thématique de l’accumulation des richesses et l’enjeu que constitue la croissance des inégalités de patrimoine. Quelles que soient les réserves et les critiques dont le livre a pu faire l’objet, le constat semble clair : la plupart des pays européens et les États-Unis connaissent un retour des inégalités de patrimoine depuis les années 70, inégalités dont la tendance était à la . baisse depuis la fin de la première guerre mondiale. Cet accroissement de l’inégalité . de patrimoine s’accompagne de plus d’une augmentation du rapport des héritages sur . le revenu national. Ces thèmes développés dans l’ouvrage de Piketty sont familiers aux . lecteurs des trois numéros spéciaux qu’Économie et Statistique a consacré depuis 1996 aux enquêtes sur le patrimoine. Le livre appelle aussi d’autres questions : le rôle croissant de l’héritage sur l’accumulation du patrimoine ne remet‑il pas en cause un modèle «méritocratique » davantage axé sur la valorisation du capital humain ? La hausse des . inégalités a‑t‑elle été un élément déclenchant de la crise financière ? Quel est le niveau d’inégalité acceptable dans nos sociétés modernes ? Faut‑il réformer la fiscalité du patrimoine . et comment … ? Si l’objet, le patrimoine des ménages, est identique, le microscope n’est pas placé aux mêmes endroits, les cartes utilisées ne sont pas aux mêmes échelles : Piketty s’intéresse avant tout aux plus hauts patrimoines, au décile (10 %) au centile (1 %), voire au millime (0,1 %) supérieur de la population. Son livre privilégie les données de nature . fiscale et ne fait que très peu référence aux recherches issues des enquêtes Patrimoine . qui, elles, s’efforcent de décrire l’ensemble de la distribution. Ces données d’enquête complètent pourtant très utilement la source fiscale. La combinaison des deux sources . permet par exemple de mieux comprendre la complexité des inégalités de patrimoine, ce qu’on pourrait appeler leur aspect «fractal » (on mesure autant d’inégalités au sein du centile supérieur que dans la population totale) ou encore d’éclairer des évolutions

Suggested Citation

  • Jérôme Accardo & Luc Arrondel & Pierre Lamarche, 2014. "Introduction : Patrimoine et comportements d’épargne, les apports de l’enquête Patrimoine 2010," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 472(1), pages 5-20.
    • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_2014_num_472_1_10485
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.2014.10485
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.2014.10485
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    1. Karen E. Dynan & Jonathan Skinner & Stephen P. Zeldes, 2004. "Do the Rich Save More?," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 112(2), pages 397-444, April.
    2. Luc Arrondel & André Masson, 2014. "Mesurer les préférences des épargnants : comment et pourquoi (en temps de crise) ?," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 467(1), pages 5-49.
    3. Luc Arrondel & André Masson & Daniel Verger, 2008. "Le patrimoine en France : état des lieux, historique et perspectives," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 417(1), pages 3-25.
    4. Thomas Piketty, 2013. "Le capital au XXIe siècle," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00979232, HAL.
    5. Nicolas Frémeaux & Marion Leturcq, 2013. "Plus ou moins mariés : l'évolution du mariage et des régimes matrimoniaux en France," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 462(1), pages 125-151.
    6. repec:hal:pseose:halshs-01027785 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. repec:hal:journl:halshs-01511093 is not listed on IDEAS
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