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La pauvreté en Espagne, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Royaume-Uni

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  • Christine Chambaz
  • Éric Maurin

Abstract

[eng] Poverty in Spain, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom A Method for International Poverty Level Comparisons . International poverty level comparisons are normally highly sensitive to the conventions used to identify poor households or to switch from the measurement of income to the measurement of standards of living. The results of comparisons may therefore vary a great deal depending on the choice of poverty line, equivalence scale and poverty measurement indicator. . However, more qualitative criteria can be devised to rank the countries by poverty when the gaps between them cannot be accurately measured. These criteria are derived from an adaptation and extension of the sequential criterion introduced by Atkinson and Bourguignon (1987). Application of these criteria to the recent European Panel data suggests the only robust finding to be that the distribution of income generates less poverty in France than in the United Kingdom and less in the United Kingdom than in the Netherlands. However, no finding ranking Spain against France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands is insensitive to the different convention choices. [spa] La pobreza en Espaha, en Francia, en los Pais es Bajos y en el Reino Unido Un método para las comparaciones internacionales de nivel de pobreza . Las comparaciones internacionales de nivel de pobreza suelen ser muy sensibles a las convenciones que se escogen para identificar a los hogares pobres o para pasar de la mediciôn de los salarios a la de los nivelés de vida. Los resultados de las comparaciones pueden variar mucho segûn que umbral de pobreza, que escala de equivalencia, y que indicador de mediciôn de la pobreza, se escogen. Es sin embargo posible establecer criterios mâs cualitativos que permitan clasificar los paîses segûn la pobreza, a falta de una mediciôn précisa de las diferencias existentes entre ellos. Dichos criterios son el resultado de una adaptaciôn y de una extension del criterio secuencial introducido por Atkinson y Bourguignon (1987). . Cuando se aplican estos criterios a los datos del reciente Panel europeo, résulta que el ûnico diagnôstico robusto es el de que la distribuciôn de las rentas genera menos pobreza en Francia que en el Reino Unido y menos en el Reino Unido que en los Pai'ses Bajos. En cambio, tratândose de Espana, no hay diagnôstico situândola respecto a Francia, al Reino Unido y a los Pafses Bajos, que no se résista a los diferentes cambios de convenciones posibles. [ger] Armut in Spanien, in Frankreich, in den Niederianden und im Vereinigten Kônigreich Ein Verfahren fur internationale Vergieiche des Grads der Armut . In der Regel hàngen internationale Vergieiche des Grads der Armut in hohem MaBe von den Konventionen ab, die zur Identifizierung der armen Haushalte oder fur den Ùbergang von der Messung der Einkommen zur Messung des Lebensstandards gewàhlt werden. Somit kônnen sich die Ergebnisse der Vergieiche je nach der Wahl der Armutsgrenze, der Àquivalenzskala oder des Indikators der Armutsmessung sehr voneinander unterscheiden. Es ist jedoch môglich, qualitativere Kriterienzu erstellen, die eine Einstufung der Lânder je nach Armut in Ermangelung einer genauen Messung der zwischen ihnen bestehenden Unterschiede ermôglichen. Diese Kriterien ergeben siçh aus einer Anpassung und einer Ausweitung des von Atkinson . und Bourguignon (1987) eingefûhrten sequentiellen Kriteriums. . Aus der Anwendung dieser Kriterien auf die Daten des jûngsten europàischen Panels geht hervor, daB die einzige stichhaltige Diagnose diejenige ist, der zufolge die Verteilung der Einkommen in Frankreich weniger Armut als imVereinigten Kônigreich und im Vereinigten Kônigreich weniger Armut als in den Niederianden verursacht. Im Falle Spaniens halt jedoch keine Diagnose, die dieses Land im Verhâltnis zu Frankreich, zum Vereinigten Kônigreich oder zu den Niederianden einstuft, der Heranziehung der verschiedenen môglichen Konventionen stand. [fre] La pauvreté en Espagne, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Royaume-Uni Une méthode pour les comparaisons internationales de niveau de pauvreté . Les comparaisons internationales de niveau de pauvreté sont en règle générale très sensibles aux conventions retenues pour identifier les ménages pauvres ou pour passer de la mesure des revenus à celles des niveaux de vie. Les résultats des comparaisons peuvent ainsi varier beaucoup selon le choix du seuil de pauvreté, de l'échelle d'équivalence, ou de l'indicateur de mesure de la pauvreté. Il est cependant possible de construire des critères plus qualitatifs permettant de classer les pays selon la pauvreté à défaut de donner une mesure précise des écarts existant entre eux. Ces critères résultent d'une adaptation et et d'une extension du critère séquentiel introduit par Atkinson et Bourguignon (1987). . En appliquant ces critères aux données du récent Panel européen, il apparaît que le seul diagnostic robuste est celui selon lequel la distribution des revenus génère moins de pauvreté en France qu'au Royaume-Uni et moins au Royaume-Uni qu'aux Pays-Bas. En revanche, s'agissant de l'Espagne, aucun diagnostic qui la situe par rapport à la France, au Royaume-Uni ou aux Pays-Bas, ne résiste aux différents changements de conventions envisageables.

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Chambaz & Éric Maurin, 1998. "La pauvreté en Espagne, en France, aux Pays-Bas et au Royaume-Uni," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 308(1), pages 229-239.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1998_num_308_1_2601
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1998.2601
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1998.2601
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    9. Foster, James E & Shorrocks, Anthony F, 1988. "Poverty Orderings," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 56(1), pages 173-177, January.
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