IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/prs/ecstat/estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5689.html

Les instruments des politiques d'environnement

Author

Listed:
  • Xavier Delache
  • Sylviane Gastaldo

Abstract

[spa] Los instrumentos de las polfticas de medio ambiente . Los problemas de medio ambiente pueden ser Ilevados al anâlisis de mercado de cada bien concernido : agua, aire, espacios naturales, etc. La inexistencia o la imperfecciôn de mercados de estos recursos conduce frecuentemente a su sobre-explotaciôn ya que el precio al que estân disponibles es, en general, inferior a su costo para la colectividad. El disfuncionamiento de otros mercados (transportes, por ej.) puede agravar aûn la degradaciôn del medio ambiente. . Frente a estos desequilibrios, la politica medioambiental cuenta con numerosos medios a su disposiciôn. La reglamentaciôn, indispensable en el caso de ciertos nivelés umbrales vitales es dificilmente compatible con la eficacidad econômica. Fundada en el principio agente contaminante/pagador, la tarificaciôn permite lograr objectivos de calidad a menor costo colectivo, pero, en algunas ocasiones, es diffcil de aplicar. El retorno demasiado frecuente del producto de las tasas al sector contaminante puede anular el impacto de las mismas. Los mercados de derechos a la contaminaciôn satisfacen igualmente la eficacidad econômica pero han sido poco experimentados. El label ecolôgico tiene resultados modestos con respecto a la traba que représenta para la libre competencia. El recurso a los contratos, por ultimo, exige una buena informaciôn del conjunto de los actores, raramente realizada. Todos estos instrumentos, lejos de ser incompatibles son susceptibles de completarse en el marco de una polîtica medioambiental. [eng] Environmental Policy Instruments . Environmental problems can be broken down into a market analysis of each good concerned : water, air, natural spaces, etc. The fact that markets for these resources do not exist or have certain shortcomings often leads to their being overexploited. This is because the price at which they are made available is generally lower than their cost to the community. The dysfunctioning of other markets (transport) could aggravate the deterioration of the environment even more. . Environmental policy has a number of means at its disposal to deal with such imbalances. It is difficult to make the much-needed regulations for certain vital thresholds compatible with economic efficiency. Pricing . based on the polluter/payer principle allows quality goals to be attained at the lowest collective cost. However, it is sometimes difficult to apply such tariffs. The earmarking of tax revenue to the polluting sector may well cancel out the impact of pricing. Emissions trading markets also satisfy economic efficiency, but have as yet to be fully tried and tested. Green labelling provides modest results compared with the obstacle that it represents to free competition. Finally, contracting requires all parties to provide a high standard of information that has rarely been accomplished. These instruments are far from being incompatible and are likely to complement each other within the context of an environmental policy. [fre] Les instruments des politiques d'environnement . Les problèmes d'environnement peuvent être ramenés à l'analyse du marché de chaque bien concerné : eau, air, espaces naturels... L'inexistence ou l'imperfection des marchés de ces ressources mène souvent à leur sur-exploitation, car le prix auquel elles sont disponibles est en général inférieur à leur coût pour la collectivité. Le dysfonctionnement d'autres marchés (transports) peut aggraver encore la dégradation de l'environnement. . Face à ces déséquilibres, la politique de l'environnement a de nombreux moyens à sa disposition. La réglementation, indispensable dans le cas de certains seuils vitaux, est difficilement compatible avec l'efficacité économique. . Fondée sur le principe pollueur/payeur, la tarification permet d'atteindre des objectifs de qualité au moindre coût collectif, mais elle est parfois difficile à appliquer. Le retour trop fréquent du produit des taxes au secteur pollueur peut en annuler l'impact. Les marchés de droits à polluer satisfont également à l'efficacité économique mais ont été peu expérimentés. La labellisation écologique a des résultats modestes, par rapport à l'entrave qu'elle représente pour la libre concurrence. La contractualisation, enfin, exige une bonne information de l'ensemble des acteurs rarement réalisée. Tous ces instruments, loin d'être incompatibles, sont susceptibles de se compléter dans le cadre d'une politique d'environnement.

Suggested Citation

  • Xavier Delache & Sylviane Gastaldo, 1992. "Les instruments des politiques d'environnement," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 258(1), pages 27-34.
  • Handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5689
    DOI: 10.3406/estat.1992.5689
    Note: DOI:10.3406/estat.1992.5689
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.3406/estat.1992.5689
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.persee.fr/doc/estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5689
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.3406/estat.1992.5689?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Claude Henry, 1990. "Efficacité économique et impératifs éthiques : l'environnement en copropriété," Revue Économique, Programme National Persée, vol. 41(2), pages 195-214.
    2. Helm, Dieter & Pearce, David W, 1990. "Assessment: Economic Policy towards the Environment," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 6(1), pages 1-16, Spring.
    3. Tietenberg, T H, 1990. "Economic Instruments for Environmental Regulation," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 6(1), pages 17-33, Spring.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Veron, François, 1994. "Rémunérations liées à l'entretien de la nature," Économie rurale, French Society of Rural Economics (SFER Société Française d'Economie Rurale), vol. 220.
    2. Roland Lescure & Antoine Nogier & Laure Tourjansky-Cabart, 1997. "Une évaluation économique de la pollution atmosphérique," Économie et Statistique, Programme National Persée, vol. 307(1), pages 3-20.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. A.G. Conway, 1991. "Fonction des instruments économiques pour la réconciliation des politiques agricoles et environnementales suivant le principe pollueur-payeur," Économie rurale, Programme National Persée, vol. 205(1), pages 44-52.
    2. Conway, A.G., 1991. "Fonction des instruments économiques pour la réconciliation des politiques agricoles et environnementales suivant le principe pollueur-payeur," Économie rurale, French Society of Rural Economics (SFER Société Française d'Economie Rurale), vol. 205.
    3. Philippe Crabbé, 1990. "Les économistes doivent-ils se mettre au vert?," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 66(3), pages 285-304.
    4. Halkos, George, 2000. "Determining optimal air quality standards: Quantities or prices?," MPRA Paper 42849, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Michael Nippa & Sanjay Patnaik & Markus Taussig, 2021. "MNE responses to carbon pricing regulations: Theory and evidence," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(5), pages 904-929, July.
    6. Sims, Katharine R.E. & Alix-Garcia, Jennifer M., 2017. "Parks versus PES: Evaluating direct and incentive-based land conservation in Mexico," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 8-28.
    7. Paul Lanoie & Benoît Laplante & Georges A. Tanguay, 1994. "La firme et l’environnement," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 70(2), pages 97-111.
    8. Jie, Wu & Yan, Xia, 2013. "Allocation of carbon permits within regions and its regional economy impact: a multi-regional general equilibrium analysis," Conference papers 332414, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    9. Price, T. J. & Probert, S. D., 1995. "Role of road transport in UK's energy policy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 1-22.
    10. repec:ilo:ilowps:281143 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Brockmann, Karl Ludwig & Koschel, Henrike & Schmidt, Tobias F. N., 1998. "Tradable SO-2-permits in the European Union: a practicable scheme for public utilities," ZEW Discussion Papers 98-15, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    12. Considine, Timothy J. & Larson, Donald F., 2006. "The environment as a factor of production," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 52(3), pages 645-662, November.
    13. Luca Taschini, 2010. "Environmental Economics and Modeling Marketable Permits," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 17(4), pages 325-343, December.
    14. Kutschukian, Jean-Marc, 2008. "A Framework For The Economic Evaluation Of Environmental Science," 2008 Conference (52nd), February 5-8, 2008, Canberra, Australia 6026, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    15. Schwabe, Kurt A., 2000. "Modeling state-level water quality management: the case of the Neuse River Basin," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 37-62, January.
    16. Roger L. Burritt & Stefan Schaltegger & Dimitar Zvezdov, 2011. "Carbon Management Accounting: Explaining Practice in Leading German Companies," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 21(1), pages 80-98, March.
    17. Niklas Harring & Sverker C. Jagers, 2013. "Should We Trust in Values? Explaining Public Support for Pro-Environmental Taxes," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-18, January.
    18. Markandya A., 1991. "Technology, environment and employment: a survey," ILO Working Papers 992811433402676, International Labour Organization.
    19. Daniel Cardona & Jenny De Freitas & Antoni Rubí-Barceló, 2021. "Environmental policy contests: command and control versus taxes," International Tax and Public Finance, Springer;International Institute of Public Finance, vol. 28(3), pages 654-684, June.
    20. Stavins, Robert & Hahn, Robert & Cavanagh, Sheila, 2001. "National Environmental Policy During the Clinton Years," RFF Working Paper Series dp-01-38, Resources for the Future.
    21. Jūratė Jaraitė-Kažukauskė & Andrius Kažukauskas, 2015. "Do Transaction Costs Influence Firm Trading Behaviour in the European Emissions Trading System?," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 62(3), pages 583-613, November.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:prs:ecstat:estat_0336-1454_1992_num_258_1_5689. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Equipe PERSEE (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.persee.fr/collection/estat .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.