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Developing the digital transformation skills framework: A systematic literature review approach

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  • Machiel Bouwmans
  • Xander Lub
  • Marissa Orlowski
  • Thuy-Vy Nguyen

Abstract

Background: Digital transformation (DT) involves integrating digital technologies into organizations to improve productivity, efficiency, and quality. Investing in the workforce’s skillsets is essential for successful DT. However, it remains unclear which skillsets are essential. Objectives: This study aims to identify and define the essential skillsets needed for exploiting the full potential of DT, and to consolidate the identified skills into a comprehensive framework of DT skills. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach for selecting studies. This led to the selection of 36 articles that were examined using thematic analysis for identifying and consolidating skills into a framework. Results: The Digital Transformation Skills Framework (DTSF) was developed, which contains six overarching skillsets and 44 underlying skills. The framework covers key skillsets in the areas of digital work, entrepreneurship, evidence-based work, collaboration, communication, and adaptation. Conclusion and discussion: The DTSF offers a comprehensive understanding of essential skills for today’s evolving organizations, addressing a critical gap in existing literature. It is valuable for organizations and HR professionals, serving as a foundation for re- and upskilling initiatives. Ongoing research should expand the framework to include domain-specific DT skills and emerging digital technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Machiel Bouwmans & Xander Lub & Marissa Orlowski & Thuy-Vy Nguyen, 2024. "Developing the digital transformation skills framework: A systematic literature review approach," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(7), pages 1-27, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0304127
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chetty, Krish & Qigui, Liu & Gcora, Nozibele & Josie, Jaya & Wenwei, Li & Fang, Chen, 2018. "Bridging the digital divide: Measuring digital literacy," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 12, pages 1-20.
    2. Maartje Henderikx & Jol Stoffers, 2022. "An Exploratory Literature Study into Digital Transformation and Leadership: Toward Future-Proof Middle Managers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-18, January.
    3. Hayajneh, Jamal Abdelrahman .M. & Elayan, Malek Bakheet Haroun & Abdellatif, Mamdouh Abdallah Mohamed & Abubakar, A. Mohammed, 2022. "Impact of business analytics and π-shaped skills on innovative performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    4. Hasirumane Venkatesh Mukesh, 2022. "Digital Transformation Taking Centre Stage: How Is Digital Transformation Reshaping Entrepreneurial Innovation?," Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Emerging Economies, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, vol. 31(2), pages 364-401, July.
    5. Cunying Fan & Juan Wang, 2022. "Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Digital Skills of Chinese Undergraduates," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, March.
    6. Iva Vuksanović Herceg & Vukašin Kuč & Veljko M. Mijušković & Tomislav Herceg, 2020. "Challenges and Driving Forces for Industry 4.0 Implementation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-22, May.
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    1. Javier De la Hoz-Ruiz & Rawad Chaker & Lucía Fernández-Terol & Marta Olmo-Extremera, 2025. "A Review About the Effects of Digital Competences on Professional Recognition; The Mediating Role of Social Media and Structural Social Capital," Societies, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-22, July.

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