IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/plo/pone00/0205533.html

Actions required to implement integrated care for older people in the community using the World Health Organization's ICOPE approach: A global Delphi consensus study

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew M Briggs
  • Islene Araujo de Carvalho

Abstract

Background: Integrated care is recognised as an important enabler to healthy ageing, yet few countries have managed to sustainably deliver integrated care for older people. We aimed to gather global consensus on the key actions required to realign health and long-term systems and integrate services to implement the World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) approach. Methods: A two-round eDelphi study, including a global consultation meeting, was undertaken to identify, refine and generate consensus on the actions required across high-, middle- and low-income countries to implement the WHO ICOPE approach. In round 1, a framework of 31 actions, empirically derived from previous WHO evidence reviews was presented to panellists to judge the relative importance of each action (numeric rating scale; range:1–9) and provide free-text comments concerning the scope of the actions. These outcomes were discussed and debated at the global consultation meeting. In round 2, a revised framework of 19 actions was presented to panellists to measure their extent of agreement and identify ‘essential’ actions (five-point Likert scale; range: strongly agree to strongly disagree). A threshold of ≥80% for agree/strongly agree was set a priori for consensus. Results: After round 1 (n = 80 panellists), median scores across 31 actions ranged from 6 to 9. Based on pre-defined category thresholds for median scores, panellists considered 28 actions (90·3%) as ‘important’ and three (9·7%) as ‘uncertain’. Fifteen additional actions were suggested for inclusion based on free-text comments, creating 46 for consideration at the global consultation meeting. In round 2 (n = 84 panellists), agreement (agree or strongly agree) ranged from 84·6–97·6%, suggesting consensus. Fourteen (73·7%) actions were rated as essential. Conclusion: Fourteen essential actions and five important actions are necessary at system (macro; n = 10) and service (meso; n = 9) levels to implement community-based integrated care for older people.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew M Briggs & Islene Araujo de Carvalho, 2018. "Actions required to implement integrated care for older people in the community using the World Health Organization's ICOPE approach: A global Delphi consensus study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(10), pages 1-16, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0205533
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205533
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205533
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205533&type=printable
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1371/journal.pone.0205533?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. World Health Organisation (WHO), 2015. "World Report on Ageing and Health," Working Papers id:7816, eSocialSciences.
    2. repec:wbk:wbpubs:29970 is not listed on IDEAS
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Anne-Marie Hill & Trish Starling & Wei Xin & Chiara Naseri & Dan Xu & Geraldine O’Brien & Christopher Etherton-Beer & Leon Flicker & Max Bulsara & Meg E. Morris & Sharmila Vaz, 2024. "Promoting Healthy Aging for Older People Living with Chronic Disease by Implementing Community Health Programs: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 21(12), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Esther Touitou-Burckard & Tomasz Gondek & Ulker Isayeva & René Ernst Nielsen & Heidi Taipale & Jari Tiihonen & Laurent Boyer & Coralie Gandré & EU-MIND Consortium Collaborators, 2026. "Protocol for a Delphi consensus study to identify priority characteristics of integrated care for individuals with severe mental illness and comorbid physical disorders in Europe," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 21(7), pages 1-16, July.
    3. Grace Sum & Lay Khoon Lau & Khalid Abdul Jabbar & Penny Lun & Pradeep Paul George & Yasmin Lynda Munro & Yew Yoong Ding, 2022. "The World Health Organization (WHO) Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) Framework: A Narrative Review on Its Adoption Worldwide and Lessons Learnt," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(1), pages 1-25, December.
    4. Eleni-Marina Ashikali & Catherine Ludwig & Laura Mastromauro & Samuel Périvier & Aude Tholomier & Irina Ionita & Christophe Graf & Catherine Busnel, 2023. "Intrinsic Capacities, Functional Ability, Physiological Systems, and Caregiver Support: A Targeted Synthesis of Effective Interventions and International Recommendations for Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(5), pages 1-26, March.
    5. Kim, Hongsoo & Yoon, Nan-He & Seo, Dongmin & Kim, Yoon, 2024. "Development of a practical framework and indicators for monitoring integrated long-term health and care needs and service use," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Duncan McKechnie & Murray J Fisher & Julie Pryor, 2016. "The characteristics of falls in an inpatient traumatic brain injury rehabilitation setting," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(1-2), pages 213-222, January.
    2. Confidence Alorse Atakro & Abigail Atakro & Janet Sintim Aboagye & Alice Aluwah Blay & Stella Boatemaa Addo & Dorcas Frempomaa Agyare & Peter Adatara & Kwaku Gyimah Amoa-Gyarteng & Awube Menlah & Isab, 2021. "Older people’s challenges and expectations of healthcare in Ghana: A qualitative study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, January.
    3. Manoj K. Pandey & Vani S. Kulkarni & Raghav Gaiha, 2017. "What are the relationships between aging, depression, non-communicable diseases and disabilities in South Africa?," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series 122017, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    4. Graham, Anne & Kruse, Willy & Budd, Lucy & Kremarik, Frances & Ison, Stephen, 2023. "Ageing passenger perceptions of ground access journeys to airports: A survey of UK residents," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    5. Manoj K Pandey & Vani S Kulkarni & Raghav Gaiha, 2017. "Aging, depression, and non-communicable diseases in South Africa," Departmental Working Papers 2017-04, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    6. Ashley Layer & Emma McManus & N. J. Levell, 2020. "A Systematic Review of Model-Based Economic Evaluations of Treatments for Venous Leg Ulcers," PharmacoEconomics - Open, Springer, vol. 4(2), pages 211-222, June.
    7. Hu, Bo, 2020. "Trajectories of informal care intensity among the oldest-old Chinese," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    8. Elise Whitley & Michaela Benzeval & Frank Popham & Bob G Knight, 2020. "Population Priorities for Successful Aging: A Randomized Vignette Experiment," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 75(2), pages 293-302.
    9. Lena Haarmann & Elke Kalbe & Görkem Anapa & Dilara Kurt & Ümran Sema Seven, 2025. "Subjective Health Literacy and Personality in Older Adults: Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness as Key Predictors—A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 22(3), pages 1-17, March.
    10. Gindra Kasnauskiene & Marija Andriuskaite, 2017. "Economic Implications Of Ageing Lithuanian Population," Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, Faculty of Economics, Vilnius University, vol. 8(1).
    11. Bo Hu, 2021. "Childhood adversity and healthy ageing: a study of the Chinese older population," European Journal of Ageing, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 523-535, December.
    12. Bertin, Giovanni & Pantalone, Marta, 2019. "Professional identity in community care: The case of specialist physicians in outpatient services in Italy," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 21-28.
    13. Angelina Wilson & Marie P. Wissing & Lusilda Schutte, 2019. "“We Help each Other”: Relational Patterns among Older Individuals in South African Samples," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 14(5), pages 1373-1392, November.
    14. Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter & Amoakoh-Coleman, Mary, 2020. "A critical review of intervention and policy effects on the health of older people in sub-Saharan Africa," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    15. Harrad-Hyde, Fawn & Williams, Chris & Armstrong, Natalie, 2025. "Deteriorating care home residents as ‘matter out of place’ in both care homes and hospitals: An ethnographic study," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 373(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0205533. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: plosone (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.