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Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Assess Cross-Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professionals (CCCHP)

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  • Gerda Bernhard
  • Ronald A Knibbe
  • Alessa von Wolff
  • Demet Dingoyan
  • Holger Schulz
  • Mike Mösko

Abstract

Background: Cultural competence of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is recognized as a strategy to reduce cultural disparities in healthcare. However, standardised, valid and reliable instruments to assess HCPs’ cultural competence are notably lacking. The present study aims to 1) identify the core components of cultural competence from a healthcare perspective, 2) to develop a self-report instrument to assess cultural competence of HCPs and 3) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the new instrument. Methods: The conceptual model and initial item pool, which were applied to the cross-cultural competence instrument for the healthcare profession (CCCHP), were derived from an expert survey (n = 23), interviews with HCPs (n = 12), and a broad narrative review on assessment instruments and conceptual models of cultural competence. The item pool was reduced systematically, which resulted in a 59-item instrument. A sample of 336 psychologists, in advanced psychotherapeutic training, and 409 medical students participated, in order to evaluate the construct validity and reliability of the CCCHP. Results: Construct validity was supported by principal component analysis, which led to a 32-item six-component solution with 50% of the total variance explained. The different dimensions of HCPs’ cultural competence are: Cross-Cultural Motivation/Curiosity, Cross-Cultural Attitudes, Cross-Cultural Skills, Cross-Cultural Knowledge/Awareness and Cross-Cultural Emotions/Empathy. For the total instrument, the internal consistency reliability was .87 and the dimension’s Cronbach’s α ranged from .54 to .84. The discriminating power of the CCCHP was indicated by statistically significant mean differences in CCCHP subscale scores between predefined groups. Conclusions: The 32-item CCCHP exhibits acceptable psychometric properties, particularly content and construct validity to examine HCPs’ cultural competence. The CCCHP with its five dimensions offers a comprehensive assessment of HCPs’ cultural competence, and has the ability to distinguish between groups that are expected to differ in cultural competence. This instrument can foster professional development through systematic self-assessment and thus contributes to improve the quality of patient care.

Suggested Citation

  • Gerda Bernhard & Ronald A Knibbe & Alessa von Wolff & Demet Dingoyan & Holger Schulz & Mike Mösko, 2015. "Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an Instrument to Assess Cross-Cultural Competence of Healthcare Professionals (CCCHP)," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(12), pages 1-22, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0144049
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henry Kaiser, 1970. "A second generation little jiffy," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 35(4), pages 401-415, December.
    2. Henry Kaiser, 1974. "An index of factorial simplicity," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 39(1), pages 31-36, March.
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    Cited by:

    1. Mei Hsiang Lin & Te Hsin Chang & Yu Hsia Lee & Pao Yu Wang & Li Hui Lin & Hsiu Chin Hsu, 2019. "Developing and validating the Nursing Cultural Competence Scale in Taiwan," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(8), pages 1-14, August.
    2. Van Thielen, Tine & Bauwens, Robin & Audenaert, Mieke & Van Waeyenberg, Thomas & Decramer, Adelien, 2018. "How to foster the well-being of police officers: The role of the employee performance management system," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 90-98.
    3. Anna Majda & Joanna Zalewska-Puchała & Iwona Bodys-Cupak & Anna Kurowska & Krystian Barzykowski, 2021. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cultural Education Training: Cultural Competence and Cultural Intelligence Development among Nursing Students," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(8), pages 1-10, April.

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