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Evidence of Bootstrap Financing among Small Start-Up Firms

Author

Listed:
  • Howard E. Van Auken

    (Iowa State University)

  • Lynn Neeley

    (Northern Illinois University)

Abstract

This study examines the use of bootstrap financing for a sample of 78 firms in a Midwestern state. The results show that traditional sources of capital accounted for 65% of the firms' start-up capital and 35% of the start-up capital was obtained from bootstrap sources. A Chi-squared analysis indicates a significant difference between the percentage of (!) sole proprietorship versus other firms and (2) construction/manufacturing versus other types of firms using bootstrap financing as compared to traditional sources of financing when bootstrap financing comprised at least 60% of the total start-up capital. No significant difference was found between the percentage of firms located in communities less than 10,000 versus greater than 10,000 that used bootstrap financing as compared to the traditional sources of financing.

Suggested Citation

  • Howard E. Van Auken & Lynn Neeley, 1996. "Evidence of Bootstrap Financing among Small Start-Up Firms," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 5(3), pages 235-249, Fall.
    • Handle: RePEc:pep:journl:v:5:y:1996:i:3:p:235-49
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Edelman, Linda F. & Manolova, Tatiana & Shirokova, Galina & Tsukanova, Tatyana, 2016. "The impact of family support on young entrepreneurs' start-up activities," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 31(4), pages 428-448.
    2. Alexander S. Kritikos & Christoph Kneiding & Claas Christian Germelmann, 2006. "Is there a Market for Micro-Lending in Industrialized Countries? - Evidence from Germany," Working Papers 0003, Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmarktaktivierung (GfA).
    3. Joaquim J.S. Ramalho & Jacinto Vidigal da Silva, 2009. "A two-part fractional regression model for the financial leverage decisions of micro, small, medium and large firms," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(5), pages 621-636.
    4. Parmendra Sharma & Neelesh Gounder, 2012. "Obstacles to bank financing of micro and small enterprises: empirical evidence from the Pacific with some policy implications," Asia-Pacific Development Journal, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), vol. 19(2), pages 49-75, December.
    5. Julie Elston & Sandy Chen & Alois Weidinger, 2016. "The role of informal capital on new venture formation and growth in China," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 46(1), pages 79-91, January.
    6. Agyenim Boateng & Muhammad D. Abdulrahman, 2013. "Micro Small-sized Enterprises and Bank Credit," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 12(2), pages 129-150, August.
    7. Parmendra Sharma & Neelesh Gounder, 2011. "Obstacles to Financing Micro and Small Enterprises: Empirical Evidence from a Small Island Developing State," Discussion Papers in Finance finance:201110, Griffith University, Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics.
    8. Abdulaziz M. Abdulsaleh, 2016. "Factors Affecting Libyan SMEs’ Selection of Banks as Business Partners," Quarterly Journal of Business Studies, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 2(4), pages 201-210.
    9. Kritikos Alexander & Kneiding Christoph & Germelmann Claas Christian, 2009. "Demand Side Analysis of Microlending Markets in Germany," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 229(5), pages 523-543, October.
    10. T. Vanacker & S. Manigart & M. Meuleman & L. Sels, 2011. "Bootstrapping as a Resource Dependence Management Strategy and its Association with Startup Growth," Working Papers of Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium 11/740, Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration.
    11. Viotto da Cruz, Jordana, 2018. "Beyond financing: crowdfunding as an informational mechanism," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 371-393.
    12. Joern H. Block & Christian Fisch & Mirko Hirschmann, 2022. "The determinants of bootstrap financing in crises: evidence from entrepreneurial ventures in the COVID-19 pandemic," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 58(2), pages 867-885, February.
    13. Kritikos, Alexander S. & Kneiding, Christoph & Germelmann, Claas Christian, 2006. "Is there a Market for Microlending in Industrialized Countries?," Discussion Papers 251, European University Viadrina Frankfurt (Oder), Department of Business Administration and Economics.
    14. Wei He & H. Kent Baker, 2007. "Small Business Financing: Survey Evidence in West Texas," Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, Pepperdine University, Graziadio School of Business and Management, vol. 12(1), pages 27-54, Spring.
    15. Cassar, Gavin, 2004. "The financing of business start-ups," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 261-283, March.
    16. Ebben, Jay & Johnson, Alec, 2006. "Bootstrapping in small firms: An empirical analysis of change over time," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 21(6), pages 851-865, November.
    17. Flavia-Diana NISTOR, 2011. "WHICH ARE THE FACTORS INFLUENCING FINANCING DECISIONS IN SMEs?," Proceedings of the International Conference Investments and Economic Recovery, Faculty of Management, Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 10(1), pages 32-36, December.
    18. Rayna, Thierry & Striukova, Ludmila, 2021. "Assessing the effect of 3D printing technologies on entrepreneurship: An exploratory study," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).
    19. Llussá, Fernanda, 2009. "Financial Development, Gender and Entrepreneurship," MPRA Paper 26228, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Jun Du & Alessandra Guariglia & Alexander Newman, 2010. "Does social capital affect the financing decisions of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises?," Discussion Papers 10/13, University of Nottingham, GEP.
    21. Thierry Rayna & Ludmila Striukova, 2021. "Assessing the effect of 3D printing technologies on entrepreneurship [Évaluer l'effet des technologies d'impression 3D sur l'entrepreneuriat]," Post-Print hal-04096075, HAL.
    22. Kent Baker, H. & Kumar, Satish & Rao, Purnima, 2020. "Financing preferences and practices of Indian SMEs," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bootstrap Financing; Small Business; Start-Up; Startup;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • M13 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Business Administration - - - New Firms; Startups
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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