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Pooling, Separating, and Semiseparating Equilibria in Financial Markets: Some Experimental Evidence

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  • Cadsby, Charles B
  • Frank, Murray
  • Maksimovic, Vojislav

Abstract

This study investigates experimental financial markets in which firms possess more information than do potential investors. Firms were given opportunities to undertake positive net present value projects which they could either forgo or finance by selling equity. Auctions were conducted among the investors for the right to finance the projects. When the theoretical equilibrium was unique, theory predicted well. When theory permitted pooling, separation, and semiseparation, only the more efficient pooling equilibrium was observed. The domination of the pooling equilibrium was robust to different experimental experiences by participants. When available, signals were used by good firms to distinguish themselves from bad. Article published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Financial Studies in its journal, The Review of Financial Studies.

Suggested Citation

  • Cadsby, Charles B & Frank, Murray & Maksimovic, Vojislav, 1990. "Pooling, Separating, and Semiseparating Equilibria in Financial Markets: Some Experimental Evidence," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 3(3), pages 315-342.
    • Handle: RePEc:oup:rfinst:v:3:y:1990:i:3:p:315-42
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    1. Beutel, Johannes & Metiu, Norbert & Stockerl, Valentin, 2021. "Toothless tiger with claws? Financial stability communication, expectations, and risk-taking," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 53-69.
    2. Berentsen, Aleksander & McBride, Michael & Rocheteau, Guillaume, 2017. "Limelight on dark markets: Theory and experimental evidence on liquidity and information," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 70-90.
    3. Kübler, Dorothea & Müller, Wieland & Normann, Hans-Theo, 2008. "Job-market signaling and screening: An experimental comparison," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 64(1), pages 219-236, September.
    4. Thomas H. Noe & Michael J. Rebello & Thomas A. Rietz, 2012. "Product Market Efficiency: The Bright Side of Myopic, Uninformed, and Passive External Finance," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 58(11), pages 2019-2036, November.
    5. Potters, Jan & Sefton, Martin & Vesterlund, Lise, 2005. "After you--endogenous sequencing in voluntary contribution games," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(8), pages 1399-1419, August.
    6. Amrish Patel & Edward Cartwright, 2009. "Social Norms and Naive Beliefs," Studies in Economics 0906, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    7. Joel Rabinovich & Rodrigo Perez Artica, 2020. "Cash holdings and the financialisation of Latin American nonfinancial corporations," CEPN Working Papers hal-02474321, HAL.
    8. Luís Gomes & Cláudia Pereira & Mário Coelho, 2023. "Determinants of Indebtedness in Expanding Portuguese Hotels," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-15, May.
    9. Gautam Goswami & Martin Grace & Michael Rebello, 2008. "Experimental evidence on coverage choices and contract prices in the market for corporate insurance," Experimental Economics, Springer;Economic Science Association, vol. 11(1), pages 67-95, March.
    10. Lisa Posey & Abdullah Yavas, 2007. "Screening equilibria in experimental markets," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Theory, Springer;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 32(2), pages 147-167, December.
    11. Benndorf, Volker & Kübler, Dorothea & Normann, Hans-Theo, 2022. "Behavioral forces driving information unraveling," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Market Behavior SP II 2022-206, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.
    12. Potters, Jan & van Winden, Frans, 1996. "Comparative Statics of a Signaling Game: An Experimental Study," International Journal of Game Theory, Springer;Game Theory Society, vol. 25(3), pages 329-353.
    13. Ling Tuo & Ji Yu & Yu Zhang, 2020. "How do industry peers influence individual firms’ voluntary disclosure strategies?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 54(3), pages 911-956, April.
    14. George Chang, 2016. "A Robustness Check on Debt and the Pecking Order Hypothesis with Asymmetric Information," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(6), pages 181-181, June.
    15. Mehdi Elhaei Sahar & Seyed Ali Vaez, 2013. "Information Asymmetry and Financing Decisions: Evidence from Iran Stock Exchange," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 3(3), pages 105-110, July.
    16. Rizov, Marian, 2008. "Corporate capital structure and how soft budget constraints may affect it," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 22(4), pages 648-684.
    17. Norbert Steigenberger & Hendrik Wilhelm, 2018. "Extending Signaling Theory to Rhetorical Signals: Evidence from Crowdfunding," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 29(3), pages 529-546, June.
    18. Pablo Hernández-Lagos & Paul Povel & Giorgo Sertsios, 2017. "An Experimental Analysis of Risk-Shifting Behavior," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 6(1), pages 68-101.
    19. Joel Rabinovich & Rodrigo Perez Artica, 2020. "Cash holdings and the financialisation of Latin American nonfinancial corporations," Working Papers hal-02474321, HAL.
    20. Siegenthaler, Simon, 2017. "Meet the lemons: An experiment on how cheap-talk overcomes adverse selection in decentralized markets," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 147-161.
    21. Kübler, D. & Müller, W. & Normann, H.T., 2008. "Job-market signalling and screening : An experimental study," Other publications TiSEM e60074dd-75cb-47df-965c-a, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    22. Ju‐Chun Yen & Tawei Wang & Yu‐Hung Chen, 2021. "Different is better: how unique initial coin offering language in white papers enhances success," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(4), pages 5309-5340, December.
    23. Benndorf, Volker & Kübler, Dorothea & Normann, Hans-Theo, 2023. "Behavioral forces driving information unraveling," Discussion Papers, Research Unit: Market Behavior SP II 2023-207, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.

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