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Household cooking fuel estimates at global and country level for 1990 to 2030

Author

Listed:
  • Oliver Stoner

    (University of Glasgow
    University of Exeter)

  • Jessica Lewis

    (World Health Organization)

  • Itzel Lucio Martínez

    (World Health Organization)

  • Sophie Gumy

    (World Health Organization)

  • Theo Economou

    (University of Exeter
    The Cyprus Institute)

  • Heather Adair-Rohani

    (World Health Organization)

Abstract

Household air pollution generated from the use of polluting cooking fuels and technologies is a major source of disease and environmental degradation in low- and middle-income countries. Using a novel modelling approach, we provide detailed global, regional and country estimates of the percentages and populations mainly using 6 fuel categories (electricity, gaseous fuels, kerosene, biomass, charcoal, coal) and overall polluting/clean fuel use – from 1990-2020 and with urban/rural disaggregation. Here we show that 53% of the global population mainly used polluting cooking fuels in 1990, dropping to 36% in 2020. In urban areas, gaseous fuels currently dominate, with a growing reliance on electricity; in rural populations, high levels of biomass use persist alongside increasing use of gaseous fuels. Future projections of observed trends suggest 31% will still mainly use polluting fuels in 2030, including over 1 billion people in Sub-Saharan African by 2025.

Suggested Citation

  • Oliver Stoner & Jessica Lewis & Itzel Lucio Martínez & Sophie Gumy & Theo Economou & Heather Adair-Rohani, 2021. "Household cooking fuel estimates at global and country level for 1990 to 2030," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-8, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:nat:natcom:v:12:y:2021:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-021-26036-x
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26036-x
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    Cited by:

    1. Jeuland, Marc & Desai, Manish A. & Bair, Elizabeth F. & Mohideen Abdul Cader, Nafeesa & Natesan, Durairaj & Isaac, Wilson Jayakaran & Sambandam, Sankar & Balakrishnan, Kalpana & Thangavel, Gurusamy & , 2023. "A randomized trial of price subsidies for liquefied petroleum cooking gas among low-income households in rural India," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 30(C).
    2. Yokoo, Hide-Fumi & Arimura, Toshi H. & Chattopadhyay, Mriduchhanda & Katayama, Hajime, 2023. "Subjective risk belief function in the field: Evidence from cooking fuel choices and health in India," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    3. Ma, Rufei & Deng, Liqian & Ji, Qiang & Zhai, Pengxiang, 2022. "Environmental regulations, clean energy access, and household energy poverty: Evidence from China," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Yang, Aoxi & Wang, Yahui, 2023. "Transition of household cooking energy in China since the 1980s," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    5. Dumenu, William Kwadwo & Appiah, Louis Gyekye & Paul, Carola & Darr, Dietrich, 2023. "Should forest enterprises formalize? Insight from a multi-dimensional characterization of informal baobab enterprises," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).

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