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The Role of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Middle-Income Countries

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  • Jungsuk Kim
  • Jungsoo Park

Abstract

We examine the importance of total factor productivity (TFP) growth in middle-income countries (MICs) based on cross-country panel data for the period of 1975–2014. We find that TFP growth contributed significantly to a country’s upward transition from middle-income to high-income country group. The TFP growth model reveals that the catch-up effect, human capital, smaller population, weak currency, and research and development growth are significant sources of TFP growth. We do not find a systematic difference in the TFP growth models for MICs. In analyzing the role of factors influencing TFP growth at different income stages, strengthening innovative activities and building innovative capacities are important in overcoming the challenges that MICs face when transitioning to the high-income group. Governments of upper MICs need to initiate reform to motivate innovation by optimizing national R&D systems, and redesigning the educational system to target promoting innovation.

Suggested Citation

  • Jungsuk Kim & Jungsoo Park, 2018. "The Role of Total Factor Productivity Growth in Middle-Income Countries," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 54(6), pages 1264-1284, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:mes:emfitr:v:54:y:2018:i:6:p:1264-1284
    DOI: 10.1080/1540496X.2017.1422244
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    Cited by:

    1. Tenaw, Dagmawe, 2025. "Green and traditional productivity growth with natural capital: The role of resource depletion, environmental damages and sectoral composition," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    2. Munusamy, Subramaniam & Rajamoorthy, Yogambigai, 2020. "Factor Accumulation and Total Factor Productivity Growth: ASEAN Economies," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 54(2), pages 67-76.
    3. Young Hoon Lee & Jungsoo Park, 2024. "Middle‐income country trap and total factor productivity growth," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 214-229, May.
    4. Samatas, Andreas & Makrominas, Michalis & Moro, Andrea, 2019. "Financial intermediation, capital composition and income stagnation: The case of Europe," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 273-289.
    5. Yashasvi PANDEY & C.R. BISHNOI, 2022. "A cross country analysis of components of economic growth through the growth accounting approach," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(4(633), W), pages 89-102, Winter.
    6. Chunhua Lu & Hong Li, 2023. "Have China’s Regional Carbon Emissions Trading Schemes Promoted Industrial Resource Allocation Efficiency? The Evidence from Heavily Polluted Industries at the Provincial Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    7. Hao-Chang Yang & Chun-Ping Chang & Sahminan & Arnita Rishanty, 2021. "Monetary Policy, Innovation Efficiency, And Total Factor Productivity," Working Papers WP/15/2021, Bank Indonesia.
    8. Оразалин Рустем // Orazalin Rustem, 2021. "Оценка влияния финансов на экономический рост через призму инвестиций, кредитов и денежной массы // Assessing the influence of finance on economic growth through the prism of investments, credits and money supply," Working Papers #2021-8, National Bank of Kazakhstan.
    9. Das, Gouranga G. & Ginting, Edimon & Horridge, Mark & Yamano, Takashi, 2023. "Growth Constraints and Structural Diversification for Kyrgyzstan Economy: Policy Analysis of Key Reforms and its Implications," GLO Discussion Paper Series 1250, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    10. Danny Hermawan & Cicilia Anggadewi Harun & Citra Amanda & Elpiwin Adela & Marissa Novita & Ananda Surya Dahana Dewantara & Ilham Farizi Indrayadi & Fariz Ahmad Sultansyah & Matias Judatama, 2025. "Strategies To Address The Risk Of The Middle-Income Trap: Human Capital, Technology, And Productivity €“ Lessons Learned From Korea, China, Vietnam, And Thailand," Working Papers WP/06/2025, Bank Indonesia.
    11. Prajukta Tripathy & Pragyanrani Behera & Bikash Ranjan Mishra, 2023. "Study of linkages between productivity, export, and outward foreign direct investment: An empirical perspective of Indian manufacturing industries," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 1527-1548, April.
    12. Pedro Bermúdez & Luis Verástegui & José Luis Nolazco & Dante A. Urbina, 2024. "Effects of Corruption and Informality on Economic Growth through Productivity," Economies, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-22, October.
    13. Haidong Yu & Juanjuan Zhao, 2020. "The Impact of Environmental Conditions on Urban Eco-Sustainable Total Factor Productivity: A Case Study of 21 Cities in Guangdong Province, China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-21, February.
    14. Taehwan Rhee & Jacob Wood & Jungsuk Kim, 2022. "Digital Transformation as a Demographic and Economic Integrated Policy for Southeast Asian Developing Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-19, March.
    15. Law, Siong Hook & Naseem, N.A.M. & Lau, Wei Theng & Trinugroho, Irwan, 2020. "Can innovation improve income inequality? Evidence from panel data," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 44(4).

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • O47 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
    • O57 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Comparative Studies of Countries

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