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International Trade Policy Preferences: The Impact of Patriotism and Nationalism Pre- and Post-9/11

Author

Listed:
  • Joseph P. Daniels

    (Marquette University)

  • Emily Kapszukiewicz

    (Marquette University)

  • Marc Ruhr

    (St. Norbert College)

Abstract

This paper provides new evidence supporting the hypothesis that patriotism and nationalism influence personal trade policy preferences in addition to the typical economic determinants. It also examines the interaction of the 9/11 terrorist attacks along with patriotism and nationalism on policy preferences. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin model as a theoretical framework, ordered probit estimations were applied to survey responses from an International Social Survey Program survey question about preferences towards limiting imports. Extensions of the model were sequentially estimated to investigate the impact of national identity on policy preferences. The model was augmented to test how feelings of nationalism and patriotism influenced personal trade policy preferences. Data from the International Social Survey Program surveys administered in 1995/1996 and 2003/2004 also allowed us to reflect on the impact of the 9/11 terrorist attacks on trade preferences in the U.S. We found that prior to the 9/11 attacks, nationalism was associated with increased inclinations towards limiting imports while patriotism had no statistically significant impact on trade preferences. The 9/11 attacks made U.S. survey respondents less open to imports. Further, the 9/11 attacks served to reduce the impact of nationalism on the tendency to limit imports while it enhanced the desire to do so through patriotism.

Suggested Citation

  • Joseph P. Daniels & Emily Kapszukiewicz & Marc Ruhr, 2020. "International Trade Policy Preferences: The Impact of Patriotism and Nationalism Pre- and Post-9/11," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 48(1), pages 87-98, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:kap:atlecj:v:48:y:2020:i:1:d:10.1007_s11293-020-09661-7
    DOI: 10.1007/s11293-020-09661-7
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leonie Huddy & Nadia Khatib, 2007. "American Patriotism, National Identity, and Political Involvement," American Journal of Political Science, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 51(1), pages 63-77, January.
    2. Mayda, Anna Maria & Rodrik, Dani, 2005. "Why are some people (and countries) more protectionist than others?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(6), pages 1393-1430, August.
    3. Joseph Daniels & Marc von der Ruhr, 2005. "God and the Global Economy: Religion and Attitudes Toward Trade and Immigration in the United States," Working Papers and Research 0501, Marquette University, Center for Global and Economic Studies and Department of Economics.
    4. Mansfield, Edward D. & Mutz, Diana C., 2009. "Support for Free Trade: Self-Interest, Sociotropic Politics, and Out-Group Anxiety," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 63(3), pages 425-457, July.
    5. Fordham, Benjamin O. & Kleinberg, Katja B., 2012. "How Can Economic Interests Influence Support for Free Trade?," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 66(2), pages 311-328, April.
    6. Ahlquist, John S. & Clayton, Amanda B. & Levi, Margaret, 2014. "Provoking Preferences: Unionization, Trade Policy, and the ILWU Puzzle," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 68(1), pages 33-75, January.
    7. Scheve, Kenneth F. & Slaughter, Matthew J., 2001. "What determines individual trade-policy preferences?," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 267-292, August.
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    9. Joseph Daniels & Marc Ruhr, 2003. "The determinants of immigration-policy preferences in advanced economies: A cross-country study," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 31(2), pages 146-158, June.
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