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COVID-19 and Financial Markets: A Panel Analysis for European Countries

Author

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  • Klose Jens

    (THM Business School, Gießen, Germany)

  • Tillmann Peter

    (Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany)

Abstract

In order to fight the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, monetary and fiscal policymakers announced a large variety of support packages which are often unprecedented in size. In this paper, we provide an empirical analysis of the responses of European financial markets to these policy announcements in the spring of 2020. We assemble a granular set of more than 400 policy announcements, both at the national and the European level. We also differentiate between the first announcement in a series of policies and the subsequent announcements because the initial steps were often seen as bad news about the state of the economy. In a panel model, we find that monetary policy, in particular, through asset purchases, is effective in easing the pressure on governmental finances. Stock prices are particularly sensitive to the suspension of the Stability and Growth Pact. Fiscal policy becomes more effective when monetary announcements fall on the same day. We also find sizable cross-border effects of policy announcements.

Suggested Citation

  • Klose Jens & Tillmann Peter, 2021. "COVID-19 and Financial Markets: A Panel Analysis for European Countries," Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbuecher fuer Nationaloekonomie und Statistik), De Gruyter, vol. 241(3), pages 297-347, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:jns:jbstat:v:241:y:2021:i:3:p:297-347:n:5
    DOI: 10.1515/jbnst-2020-0063
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    Cited by:

    1. Klose, Jens & Tillmann, Peter, 2023. "Stock market response to Covid-19, containment measures and stabilization policies—The case of Europe," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 29-44.
    2. Bannigidadmath, Deepa & Narayan, Paresh Kumar & Phan, Dinh Hoang Bach & Gong, Qiang, 2022. "How stock markets reacted to COVID-19? Evidence from 25 countries," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    3. Guglielmo Maria Caporale & Abdurrahman Nazif Çatık & Mohamad Husam Helmi & Coşkun Akdeniz & Ali İlhan, 2024. "Time-varying effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on stock markets and economic activity: evidence from the US and Europe," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 51(2), pages 529-558, May.
    4. Fendel, Ralf & Neugebauer, Frederik & Zimmermann, Lilli, 2021. "Reactions of euro area government yields to Covid-19 related policy measure announcements by the European Commission and the European Central Bank," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 42(C).
    5. Ortmans, Aymeric & Tripier, Fabien, 2021. "COVID-induced sovereign risk in the euro area: When did the ECB stop the spread?," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    6. Athanasios Anastasiou & Nicholas Apergis & Athina Zervoyianni, 2024. "Pandemic, sentiments over COVID-19, and EU convergence," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 66(4), pages 1683-1707, April.
    7. Grabowski, Wojciech & Janus, Jakub & Stawasz-Grabowska, Ewa, 2023. "The COVID-19 pandemic and financial markets in Central Europe: Macroeconomic measures and international policy spillovers," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    8. He, Jingbin & Ma, Xinru & Wei, Qu, 2022. "Firm-level short selling and the local COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    9. Heyden, Kim J. & Heyden, Thomas, 2021. "Market reactions to the arrival and containment of COVID-19: An event study," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 38(C).
    10. Blotevogel, Robert & Hudecz, Gergely & Vangelista, Elisabetta, 2024. "Asset purchases and sovereign bond spreads in the euro area during the pandemic," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    11. Hussein Hassan & Minko Markovski & Alexander Mihailov, 2022. "COVID-19 Cases and Stock Prices by Sector in Major Economies: What Do We Learn from the Daily Data?," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2022-04, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
    12. Aymeric Ortmans & Fabien Tripier, 2020. "COVID-Induced Sovereign Risk in the Euro Area: When Did the ECB Stop the Contagion?," Working Papers 2020-11, CEPII research center.
    13. Klose, Jens, 2023. "European exchange rate adjustments in response to COVID-19, containment measures and stabilization policies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    14. Neugebauer, Frederik & Russnak, Jan & Zimmermann, Lilli & Camarero Garcia, Sebastian, 2024. "Effects of the ECB’s communication on government bond spreads," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    15. Klose, Jens & Tillmann, Peter, 2022. "The Real and Financial Impact of COVID-19 Around the World," VfS Annual Conference 2022 (Basel): Big Data in Economics 264030, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    16. Jens Klose & Peter Tillmann, 2023. "The stock market and NO2 emissions effects of COVID‐19 around the world," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 556-594, July.
    17. Foo Jennifer & Witkowska Dorota, 2024. "The 2020 COVID-19 Financial Crisis Impact on the European Stock Markets and Economies. A Preliminary Analysis," Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, Sciendo, vol. 24(1), pages 22-40.
    18. Chen, Hongyi & Tillmann, Peter, 2023. "Lockdown spillovers," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    19. Luca Alfieri & Mustafa Hakan Eratalay & Darya Lapitskaya & Rajesh Sharma, 2022. "The Effects Of The Ecb Communications On Financial Markets Before And During Covid-19 Pandemic," University of Tartu - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Working Paper Series 140, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu (Estonia).
    20. Naimoli, Antonio, 2022. "Modelling the persistence of Covid-19 positivity rate in Italy," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    21. Greta Keliuotyte-Staniuleniene & Julius Kviklis, 2021. "Assessing the reaction of the Baltic stock market to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 25(1), pages 260-272, November.
    22. Tarek Chebbi & Bruno S. Sergi & Salem Hamad Aldawsari, 2026. "Spread the foreign redenomination risk to default premia: dynamic frequency connectedness analysis," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 12(1), pages 1-40, December.
    23. Deev, Oleg & Plíhal, Tomáš, 2022. "How to calm down the markets? The effects of COVID-19 economic policy responses on financial market uncertainty," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    24. Algirdas Justinas Staugaitis & Bernardas Vaznonis, 2022. "Short-Term Speculation Effects on Agricultural Commodity Returns and Volatility in the European Market Prior to and during the Pandemic," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-26, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

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    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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