IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/ijefaa/v8y2016i8p43.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A Longitudinal Assessment of Tax Reforms and National Income in Nigeria: 1971-2014

Author

Listed:
  • Innocent Nwaorgu
  • Wilson Herbert
  • Francis Onyilo

Abstract

This study assesses the impact of tax reforms on Nigeria’s national income over the period, 1971 to 2014. Using a variety of growth indicators signifying tax reforms, our regression model specified growth rate of national income (proxied by GDP) as a function of growth rates in these indicators. Diagnostic tests (F-statistics, Adjusted R-Square and Durbin-Watson) were carried out to ascertain the robustness of the parameter estimates. We found that tax reforms significantly improved national income and economic growth during the period of study, especially growth rates of value added tax and personal income tax. Our results show that growth rate of personal income tax has a positive significant effect on the national income and economic growth, while that of value added tax has a negative significant effect on growth of national income. The growth components of company income tax and petroleum profit tax are positive but not statistically significant. On the other hand, reforms in custom and excise duties were found to yield negative and statistically non-significant effect. The leading conclusions from these findings are- (1) strategic tax reforms significantly influence the behaviour of national income and GDP; (2) tax policy significantly fosters the growth of national income; and (3) policy makers, especially Ministry of Finance and Federal Inland Revenue Service and their state counterparts, should give requisite attention to tax policy issues, in the light of their obvious implications on growth of the national income and economic development.

Suggested Citation

  • Innocent Nwaorgu & Wilson Herbert & Francis Onyilo, 2016. "A Longitudinal Assessment of Tax Reforms and National Income in Nigeria: 1971-2014," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 8(8), pages 1-43, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:ijefaa:v:8:y:2016:i:8:p:43
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/article/download/60191/33031
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/article/view/60191
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bera, Anil K. & Jarque, Carlos M., 1982. "Model specification tests : A simultaneous approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 20(1), pages 59-82, October.
    2. Wang, David Han-Min, 2007. "Convergence tests on tax burden and economic growth among China, Taiwan and the OECD countries," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 380(C), pages 278-286.
    3. Odusola, Ayodele, 2006. "Tax Policy Reforms in Nigeria," UNDP Africa Economists Working Papers 307339, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
    4. Padovano, Fabio & Galli, Emma, 2002. "Comparing the growth effects of marginal vs. average tax rates and progressivity," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 529-544, September.
    5. Dahl, Henrik & Mitra, Pradeep, 1991. "Applying Tax Policy Models in Country Eocnomic Work: Bangladesh, China, and India," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 5(3), pages 553-572, September.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Roshaiza Taha & Nanthakumar Loganathan, 2008. "Causality Between Tax Revenue And Government Spending In Malaysia," The International Journal of Business and Finance Research, The Institute for Business and Finance Research, vol. 2(2), pages 63-73.
    2. Marco Alfò & Lorenzo Carbonari & Giovanni Trovato, 2020. "On the Effects of Taxation on Growth: an Empirical Assessment," CEIS Research Paper 480, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 08 May 2020.
    3. Bauer, Rob M M J & Nieuwland, Frederick G M C & Verschoor, Willem F C, 1994. "German Stock Market Dynamics," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 397-418.
    4. Sanz Labrador, Ismael & Sanz-Sanz, José Félix, 2013. "Política fiscal y crecimiento económico: consideraciones microeconómicas y relaciones macroeconómicas," Macroeconomía del Desarrollo 5367, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    5. Arie Preminger & Uri Ben-zion & David Wettstein, 2007. "The extended switching regression model: allowing for multiple latent state variables," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(7), pages 457-473.
    6. UNDP Regional Bureau for Africa & Ayodele Odusola, "undated". "Fiscal Policy, Redistribution and Inequality in Africa," UNDP Africa Policy Notes 2017-08, United Nations Development Programme, Regional Bureau for Africa.
    7. Hu, Michael Y. & Jiang, Christine X. & Tsoukalas, Christos, 1997. "The European exchange rates before and after the establishment of the European Monetary System," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 235-253, October.
    8. Abdul Qayyum, 2000. "Demand for Real Money Balances by the Business Sector: An Econometric Investigation," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 39(4), pages 857-873.
    9. White, Halbert & Hong, Yongmiao, 1999. "M-Testing Using Finite and Infinite Dimensional Parameter Estimators," University of California at San Diego, Economics Working Paper Series qt9qz123ng, Department of Economics, UC San Diego.
    10. Norman Gemmell & Richard Kneller & Ismael Sanz, 2014. "The growth effects of tax rates in the OECD," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 47(4), pages 1217-1255, November.
    11. Etim Osim Etim & Nsima Johnson Umoffon & David Johnny Ekanem, 2020. "Does Taxation Drive Economic Development in Nigeria?," International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation, International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), vol. 7(7), pages 129-137, July.
    12. Andreou, E. & Werker, B.J.M., 2003. "A Simple Asymptotic Analysis of Residual-Based Statistics," Other publications TiSEM 9fe68e51-a026-4660-b6e7-8, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    13. Thomakos, Dimitrios D. & Wang, Tao, 2003. "Realized volatility in the futures markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 321-353, May.
    14. Juhl, Ted & Sosa-Escudero, Walter, 2014. "Testing for heteroskedasticity in fixed effects models," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 178(P3), pages 484-494.
    15. Debasis Bandyopadhyay & Xueli Tang, 2011. "Parental nurturing and adverse effects of redistribution," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 71-98, March.
    16. Leitão, Nuno Carlos, 2012. "Bank credit and economic growth," MPRA Paper 42664, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2012.
    17. Robertson, John & Orden, David, 1988. "Cointegration And Long-Run Monetary Neutrality: A Vector Error-Correction Model Of Money And Price Dynamics In New Zealand," 1988 Annual Meeting, August 1-3, Knoxville, Tennessee 270149, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    18. Joao Martines-Filho, 2006. "The Performance of Agricultural Market Advisory Services in Corn and Soybeans," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 88(1), pages 162-181.
    19. Olufemi Muibi SAIBU, 2015. "Optimal tax rate and economic growth. Evidence from Nigeria and South Africa," EuroEconomica, Danubius University of Galati, issue 1(34), pages 41-50, May.
    20. Badi Baltagi & Seuck Heun Song & Byoung Cheol Jung, 2002. "Simple Lm Tests For The Unbalanced Nested Error Component Regression Model," Econometric Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(2), pages 167-187.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ibn:ijefaa:v:8:y:2016:i:8:p:43. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Canadian Center of Science and Education (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepflch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.