IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ibn/ijefaa/v18y2026i1p9.html

Wealth, Rationality, and Morality

Author

Listed:
  • Kenneth S. Choie

Abstract

Most people—including mainstream academics—tend to view transactional profit as the return on an acquired asset, and the volatility of asset prices as the primary risk of acquiring one. Individuals seeking wealth can either trade assets or become long-term owners of them. However, the rate of return on assets, the nature of asset risk, and the value of diversification take on fundamentally different meanings and implications when individuals choose to be owners rather than traders.

Suggested Citation

  • Kenneth S. Choie, 2026. "Wealth, Rationality, and Morality," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 18(1), pages 1-9, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:ibn:ijefaa:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:9
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/article/download/0/0/52649/57354
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijef/article/view/0/52649
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    2. Robert C. Merton, 2005. "Theory of rational option pricing," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Sudipto Bhattacharya & George M Constantinides (ed.), Theory Of Valuation, chapter 8, pages 229-288, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gordon G. Sollars & Sorin Tuluca, 2012. "The Optimal Timing of Strategic Action – A Real Options Approach," Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, Fundacja Upowszechniająca Wiedzę i Naukę "Cognitione", vol. 8(2), pages 78-95.
    2. Saggese, Pietro & Belmonte, Alessandro & Dimitri, Nicola & Facchini, Angelo & Böhme, Rainer, 2023. "Arbitrageurs in the Bitcoin ecosystem: Evidence from user-level trading patterns in the Mt. Gox exchange platform," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 251-270.
    3. Linnenluecke, Martina K. & Chen, Xiaoyan & Ling, Xin & Smith, Tom & Zhu, Yushu, 2017. "Research in finance: A review of influential publications and a research agenda," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 188-199.
    4. Carmen López-Martín & Sonia Benito Muela & Raquel Arguedas, 2021. "Efficiency in cryptocurrency markets: new evidence," Eurasian Economic Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 11(3), pages 403-431, September.
    5. Davit Gondauri, 2026. "P vs NP Problem in Portfolio Optimization: Integrating the Markowitz-CAPM Framework with Cardinality Constraints and Black-Scholes Derivative Pricing," Papers 2603.15652, arXiv.org.
    6. Nie, George Y., 2023. "Recover the Missing Dimension of Managerial Risk of Stockholdings and Option Grants," SocArXiv rcj8t_v1, Center for Open Science.
    7. Bas Peeters & Cees L. Dert & André Lucas, 2003. "Black Scholes for Portfolios of Options in Discrete Time: the Price is Right, the Hedge is wrong," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 03-090/2, Tinbergen Institute.
    8. Nicolas Brisset & Dorian Jullien, 2019. "Models as Speech Acts: A Restatement and a new Case Study," GREDEG Working Papers 2019-09, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
    9. Siriopoulos, Costas & Fassas, Athanasios, 2012. "An investor sentiment barometer — Greek Implied Volatility Index (GRIV)," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 23(2), pages 77-93.
    10. Suresh M. Sundaresan, 2000. "Continuous‐Time Methods in Finance: A Review and an Assessment," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 55(4), pages 1569-1622, August.
    11. Duffie, Darrell, 2003. "Intertemporal asset pricing theory," Handbook of the Economics of Finance, in: G.M. Constantinides & M. Harris & R. M. Stulz (ed.), Handbook of the Economics of Finance, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 11, pages 639-742, Elsevier.
    12. repec:wyi:journl:002108 is not listed on IDEAS
    13. David H. Pyle., 1997. "Bank Risk Management: Theory," Research Program in Finance Working Papers RPF-272, University of California at Berkeley.
    14. Hunter, William C. & Smith, Stephen D., 2002. "Risk management in the global economy: A review essay," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 26(2-3), pages 205-221, March.
    15. Jianlei Han & Martina Linnenluecke & Zhangxin Liu & Zheyao Pan & Tom Smith, 2019. "A general equilibrium approach to pricing volatility risk," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Schäfer, Rudi & Guhr, Thomas, 2010. "Local normalization: Uncovering correlations in non-stationary financial time series," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 389(18), pages 3856-3865.
    17. Morten Balling & Ernest Gnan, 2013. "The development of financial markets and financial theory: 50 years of interaction," SUERF 50th Anniversary Volume Chapters, in: Morten Balling & Ernest Gnan (ed.), 50 Years of Money and Finance: Lessons and Challenges, chapter 5, pages 157-194, SUERF - The European Money and Finance Forum.
    18. Villena, Marcelo & Villena, Mauricio, 2011. "Option Pricing in an Oligopolistic Setting," MPRA Paper 57978, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 16 Aug 2014.
    19. Andrea Antico & Giulio Bottazzi & Daniele Giachini, 2022. "On the evolutionary stability of the sentiment investor," LEM Papers Series 2022/09, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy.
    20. Yun Xiang & Shijie Deng, 2025. "Long-range dependence and asset return anomaly," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 346(1), pages 369-391, March.
    21. Venegas-Martínez, Francisco & Polanco-Gaytán, Mayrén (ed.), 2011. "Macroeconomía Estocástica," Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superios de Economía del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Economía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, edition 1, volume 1, number 005, Segundo s.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • R00 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General - - - General
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ibn:ijefaa:v:18:y:2026:i:1:p:9. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Canadian Center of Science and Education (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/cepflch.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.