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A Method for Gauging Landscape Change as a Prelude to Urban Watershed Regeneration: The Case of the Carioca River, Rio de Janeiro

Author

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  • Mônica Bahia Schlee

    (City of Rio de Janeiro, Macro Urban Planning Department/Municipal Secretary of Urban Planning–CMP/SMU/PCRJ, Rua Santa Cristina 121, Santa Teresa, Rio de Janeiro, Cep. 20241-250, Brazil)

  • Kenneth R. Tamminga

    (Department of Landscape Architecture, 121 Stuckeman Family Building, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA)

  • Vera Regina Tangari

    (School of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro–FAU/UFRJ, R. Jornalista Orlando Dantas 62 apt. 403 , Rio de Janeiro, Cep. 22231-010, Brazil)

Abstract

Natural systems undergo processes, flows, and rhythms that differ from those of urban sociocultural systems. While the former takes place over eras or many generations, the latter may occur within years or even months. Natural systems change includes no principle of intentional progress or enhancement of complexity. In contrast, sociocultural systems change occurs through inherited characteristics, learning, and cultural transmission [1]. Both are dynamic, heterogeneous, and vulnerable to regime shifts, and are inextricably linked. The interrelations among natural and anthropogenic factors affecting sustainability vary spatially and temporally. This paper focuses on landscape changes along the Carioca River valley in Rio de Janeiro, located in the Brazilian Neotropical Southeastern Region, and its implications for local urban sustainability. The study incorporates a transdisciplinary approach that integrates landscape ecology and urban morphology methodologies to gauge landscape change and assess social-ecological systems dynamics. The methodology includes a variety of landscape change assessments; including on-site landscape ecological, landscape morphology, biological and urbanistic surveys, to gauge urban watershed quality. It presents an adapted inventory for assessment of urban tropical rivers, Neotropical Urban Stream Visual Assessment Protocol (NUSVAP), and correlates the level of stream and rainforest integrity to local urban environmental patterns and processes. How can urban regional land managers, planners and communities work together to promote shifts toward more desirable configurations and processes? An understanding of the transient behavior of social-ecological systems and how they respond to change and disturbance is fundamental to building appropriate management strategies and fostering resilience, regenerative capacity, and sustainable development in urban watersheds. The sociocultural patterns, processes and dynamics of Rio’s hillsides suggest that increasing the multifunctionality, flexibility, adaptability and connectivity of open spaces may influence carrying, adaptive and regenerative capacities of urban landscape systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Mônica Bahia Schlee & Kenneth R. Tamminga & Vera Regina Tangari, 2012. "A Method for Gauging Landscape Change as a Prelude to Urban Watershed Regeneration: The Case of the Carioca River, Rio de Janeiro," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 4(9), pages 1-45, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:4:y:2012:i:9:p:2054-2098:d:19828
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. World Commission on Environment and Development,, 1987. "Our Common Future," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780192820808.
    2. Paul R. Ehrlich & Peter M. Kareiva & Gretchen C. Daily, 2012. "Securing natural capital and expanding equity to rescale civilization," Nature, Nature, vol. 486(7401), pages 68-73, June.
    3. Arrow, Kenneth & Bolin, Bert & Costanza, Robert & Dasgupta, Partha & Folke, Carl & Holling, C.S. & Jansson, Bengt-Owe & Levin, Simon & Mäler, Karl-Göran & Perrings, Charles & Pimentel, David, 1996. "Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 1(1), pages 104-110, February.
    4. Costanza, Robert, 1995. "Economic growth, carrying capacity, and the environment," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 89-90, November.
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    2. Yang Yi & Mingchang Shi & Chunjiang Liu & Bin Wang & Hongzhang Kang & Xinli Hu, 2018. "Changes of Ecosystem Services and Landscape Patterns in Mountainous Areas: A Case Study in the Mentougou District in Beijing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Qing Gu & Ke Wang & Jiadan Li & Ligang Ma & Jinsong Deng & Kefeng Zheng & Xiaobin Zhang & Li Sheng, 2015. "Spatio-Temporal Trends and Identification of Correlated Variables with Water Quality for Drinking-Water Reservoirs," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Vassiliki Vlami & Carlos Morera Beita & Stamatis Zogaris, 2022. "Landscape Conservation Assessment in the Latin American Tropics: Application and Insights from Costa Rica," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-28, April.
    5. Marcelo Gomes Miguez & Aline Pires Veról & Matheus Martins De Sousa & Osvaldo Moura Rezende, 2015. "Urban Floods in Lowlands—Levee Systems, Unplanned Urban Growth and River Restoration Alternative: A Case Study in Brazil," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 7(8), pages 1-30, August.
    6. Vassiliki Vlami & Stamatis Zogaris & Hakan Djuma & Ioannis P. Kokkoris & George Kehayias & Panayotis Dimopoulos, 2019. "A Field Method for Landscape Conservation Surveying: The Landscape Assessment Protocol (LAP)," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-20, April.

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