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Environmentally Sustainable Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from Cattle Bone Waste: A Full-Cell Analysis with a LiFePO 4 Cathode

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  • Muhammad Shajih Zafar

    (Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
    Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Via Opera Pia 13, 16145 Genoa, Italy)

  • Pejman Salimi

    (Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
    Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso, 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy)

  • Marco Ricci

    (Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy)

  • Jasim Zia

    (Department of Engineering for Innovation, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy)

  • Remo Proietti Zaccaria

    (Italian Institute of Technology, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy)

Abstract

Modern society relies heavily on energy, driving global research into sustainable energy storage and conversion technologies. Concurrently, the increasing volume of waste generated by industrial and commercial activities emphasizes the need for effective waste management strategies. Carbonization emerges as a promising solution, converting waste into energy and valuable end products such as biochar. This study explores an approach for valorizing bone-based food waste, presenting innovative pathways for managing the escalating issue of food waste. We investigate carbon derived from cattle bone waste, carbonized at 800 °C (CBW8), to design sustainable full-cell lithium-ion batteries (FLIBs). FLIBs featuring CBW8 as the anode material and LiFePO 4 as the cathode exhibit exceptional cycling life, even at high current rates. The cell demonstrates a high specific capacity of 165 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C, maintaining stable performance over 1800 cycles at various C-rates. This work not only advances the field of sustainable energy and waste management, but also opens new avenues for eco-friendly technological applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Shajih Zafar & Pejman Salimi & Marco Ricci & Jasim Zia & Remo Proietti Zaccaria, 2025. "Environmentally Sustainable Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries Derived from Cattle Bone Waste: A Full-Cell Analysis with a LiFePO 4 Cathode," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-14, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:7:p:3005-:d:1622378
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    References listed on IDEAS

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