Resilience Assessment and Sustainability Enhancement of Gas and CO 2 Utilization via Carbon–Hydrogen–Oxygen Symbiosis Networks

Decarbonizing the industrial sector is essential to achieving net-zero targets and ensuring a sustainable future. Carbon–Hydrogen–Oxygen Symbiosis Networks (CHOSYN) are a set of interconnected hydrocarbon-processing plants that optimize the synergistic use of mass and energy resources in pursuit of both environmental objectives and profitability enhancement. However, this interconnectedness also introduces fragility, arising from technical and administrative dependencies among the participating facilities. In this work, a systematic framework is introduced to incorporate resilience assessment and sustainability enhancement within CHOSYNs. A CHOSYN representation is developed for a proposed industrial cluster, where processes are linked through interceptor units, which facilitate the exchange and conversion of carbon-, hydrogen-, and oxygen-based streams to meet demands. A multi-objective optimization framework is formulated with four competing goals: minimizing cost, minimizing net CO 2 emissions, maximizing internal CO 2 utilization, and minimizing the number of interceptors’ processing steps. The augmented ε -constraint method is used to generate a Pareto front that captures the trade-offs among these objectives. To complement the synthesis, a resilience assessment framework is applied to evaluate network performance under disruption by incorporating inter-plant dependencies and modeling disruption propagation. The results show that even under worst-case scenarios, integration through CHOSYN can achieve significant gains in CO 2 utilization and reductions in raw material procurement requirements. Resilience analysis adds an important dimension by quantifying the economic impacts of disruptions to both highly connected and sparsely connected yet critical nodes, revealing vulnerabilities not evident from topology alone.