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A Critical Approach to Existing Management Perspectives in Scuba Diving: A Step in Defining Ecological Carrying Capacity

Author

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  • Cláudia Hipólito

    (Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal
    Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-ULisboa), University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
    Centre of Applied Economics Studies of the Atlantic (CEEAplA), University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal)

  • Fernando Lopes

    (Centre of Applied Economics Studies of the Atlantic (CEEAplA), University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal)

  • Jorge Gonçalves

    (Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-135 Faro, Portugal)

  • Helena Calado

    (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE-ULisboa), University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
    Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores (UAc/FCT), 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal)

Abstract

There are a considerable number of studies reporting the negative impacts of recreational diving and their causes, yet there is a gap in the information regarding the aspects of activity management. This paper presents a systematic approach to the management measures found in the literature. A large part of the measures identified address stakeholders’ awareness, data on the activity, and implementing adapted management measures. Stakeholders need to be integrated into the entire process of managing the activity because they are the target for correcting actions. A knowledge gap of the evaluation of the “ecological carrying capacity” of dive sites exists, along with a lack of methods for its assessment. This study informs future steps on the development of an integrated management and monitoring model that encompasses the assessment of ecological carrying capacity in further research. It also brings a vision of sustainable management of the recreational diving activity by advancing the conceptual framework of scuba diving and tourism integrated management.

Suggested Citation

  • Cláudia Hipólito & Fernando Lopes & Jorge Gonçalves & Helena Calado, 2024. "A Critical Approach to Existing Management Perspectives in Scuba Diving: A Step in Defining Ecological Carrying Capacity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:5:p:1762-:d:1342963
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Thurstan, Ruth H. & Hawkins, Julie P. & Neves, Luiza & Roberts, Callum M., 2012. "Are marine reserves and non-consumptive activities compatible? A global analysis of marine reserve regulations," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 1096-1104.
    5. Rangel, M.O. & Pita, C.B. & Gonçalves, J.M.S. & Oliveira, F. & Costa, C. & Erzini, K., 2014. "Developing self-guided scuba dive routes in the Algarve (Portugal) and analysing visitors' perceptions," Marine Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 194-203.
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