IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v16y2024i20p9090-d1502750.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The Influence of World Heritage Sites on Tourism Dynamics in the EU 27 Nations

Author

Listed:
  • Didem Kutlu

    (Program of Tourism and Travel Services, Akdeniz University, 07030 Antalya, Türkiye)

  • Mehmet Zanbak

    (Department of Econometrics, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Türkiye)

  • Sezer Soycan

    (Department of Econometrics, Dokuz Eylül University, 35160 İzmir, Türkiye)

  • Murad Alpaslan Kasalak

    (Department of Recreation Management, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Türkiye)

  • Zeynep Aktaş Çimen

    (Program of Marketing, Akdeniz University, 07030 Antalya, Türkiye)

Abstract

Culture and tourism are crucial for economic growth and sustainable development, working together symbiotically. Culture boosts tourism by supporting heritage, production, and creativity, while cultural heritage, reflecting national identity and traditions, strengthens local economies. This study uses a panel data analysis to examine the impact of cultural factors on international tourist arrivals in 27 EU nations. The Driscoll–Kraay method reveals that UNESCO World Heritage Sites, government cultural expenditures, household recreation and cultural expenditures, real GDP per job, and bed capacity positively influence international tourist numbers. Regarding cultural factors, World Heritage Sites have the most significant influence, with each additional UNESCO site leading to a 0.22% rise in tourist numbers. The most crucial determinant of tourist arrivals is bed capacity, with a one percent increase leading to a 0.66% increase in tourist arrivals. Conversely, healthcare expenditures and political civil liberties have a negative impact on tourist arrivals. This study discusses managerial implications and offers recommendations for future research.

Suggested Citation

  • Didem Kutlu & Mehmet Zanbak & Sezer Soycan & Murad Alpaslan Kasalak & Zeynep Aktaş Çimen, 2024. "The Influence of World Heritage Sites on Tourism Dynamics in the EU 27 Nations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-14, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:9090-:d:1502750
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/20/9090/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/20/9090/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yu-Xia Lin & Ming-Hsiang Chen & Bi-Shu Lin & Shu-Yin Tseng & Ching-Hui (Joan) Su, 2021. "Nonlinear impact of World Heritage Sites on China’s tourism expansion," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(4), pages 795-819, June.
    2. Jerry Hausman, 2015. "Specification tests in econometrics," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 38(2), pages 112-134.
    3. Didem KUTLU & Zeynep ÇİMEN, 2023. "The Impact of Tourism, Economic Growth, and Foreign Direct Investment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Brics Countries," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(4), pages 143-158, December.
    4. Roberto Patuelli & Maurizio Mussoni & Guido Candela, 2016. "The Effects of World Heritage Sites on Domestic Tourism: A Spatial Interaction Model for Italy," Advances in Spatial Science, in: Roberto Patuelli & Giuseppe Arbia (ed.), Spatial Econometric Interaction Modelling, chapter 0, pages 281-315, Springer.
    5. João Romão & João Guerreiro & Paulo Rodrigues, 2013. "Regional tourism development: culture, nature, life cycle and attractiveness," Current Issues in Tourism, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 16(6), pages 517-534.
    6. Konstantakopoulou, Ioanna, 2022. "Does health quality affect tourism? Evidence from system GMM estimates," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 425-440.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Elina Simone & Rosaria Rita Canale & Amedeo Maio, 2019. "Do UNESCO World Heritage Sites Influence International Tourist Arrivals? Evidence from Italian Provincial Data," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 146(1), pages 345-359, November.
    2. Yu-Xia Lin & Ming-Hsiang Chen & Bi-Shu Lin & Shu-Yin Tseng & Ching-Hui (Joan) Su, 2021. "Nonlinear impact of World Heritage Sites on China’s tourism expansion," Tourism Economics, , vol. 27(4), pages 795-819, June.
    3. Vinko Muštra & Blanka Škrabić Perić & Smiljana Pivčević, 2023. "Cultural heritage sites, tourism and regional economic resilience," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 102(3), pages 465-482, June.
    4. Bo Zhou & Zhihong Wen & Ian Sutherland & Seul Ki Lee, 2022. "The spatial heterogeneity and dynamics of tourism-flow spillover effect: The role of high-speed train in China," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(2), pages 300-324, March.
    5. Ali Uyar & Cemil Kuzey & Mehmet Ali Koseoglu & Abdullah S Karaman, 2023. "Travel and tourism competitiveness index and the tourism sector development," Tourism Economics, , vol. 29(4), pages 1005-1031, June.
    6. Cooray, Arusha, 2011. "The role of the government in financial sector development," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 928-938, May.
    7. Campbell, Randall C. & Nagel, Gregory L., 2016. "Private information and limitations of Heckman's estimator in banking and corporate finance research," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 186-195.
    8. Christopher Dick-Sagoe & Ernest Ngeh Tingum & Peter Asare-Nuamah & Denis N. Yuni & Nicholas Baidoo, 2025. "Central transfers and incentives to collect local revenue among the Central Region of Ghana’s local government officials: analysing the flypaper effect," Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(1), pages 1-12, December.
    9. Thomas A. Garrett & Russell S. Sobel, 2004. "State Lottery Revenue: The Importance of Game Characteristics," Public Finance Review, , vol. 32(3), pages 313-330, May.
    10. Venkatesh Shankar & Pablo Azar & Matthew Fuller, 2008. "—: A Multicategory Brand Equity Model and Its Application at Allstate," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 27(4), pages 567-584, 07-08.
    11. Giuseppe Croce & Emanuela Ghignoni, 2011. "Overeducation and spatial flexibility in Italian local labour markets," Working Papers in Public Economics 145, Department of Economics and Law, Sapienza University of Roma.
    12. Meghamrita Chakraborty, 2023. "Linking Migration, Diversity and Regional Development in India," Journal of Development Policy and Practice, , vol. 8(1), pages 55-72, January.
    13. Jessica M. Mc Lay & Roy Lay-Yee & Barry J. Milne & Peter Davis, 2015. "Regression-Style Models for Parameter Estimation in Dynamic Microsimulation: An Empirical Performance Assessment," International Journal of Microsimulation, International Microsimulation Association, vol. 8(2), pages 83-127.
    14. Machado, Matilde P., 2001. "Dollars and performance: treating alcohol misuse in Maine," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 639-666, July.
    15. Hany Eldemerdash & Hugh Metcalf & Sara Maioli, 2014. "Twin deficits: new evidence from a developing (oil vs. non-oil) countries’ perspective," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 825-851, November.
    16. James J. Heckman, 1991. "Randomization and Social Policy Evaluation Revisited," NBER Technical Working Papers 0107, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    17. Halldén, Filip & Hultberg, Anna & Ahmed, Ali & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Yahya, Muhammad & Troster, Victor, 2025. "The role of institutional quality on public renewable energy investments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    18. Gordon Dahl, 2010. "Early teen marriage and future poverty," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 47(3), pages 689-718, August.
    19. Huy Quang Doan, 2019. "Trade, Institutional Quality and Income: Empirical Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-23, May.
    20. David Weiskopf, 2000. "The Impact of Omitting Promotion Variables on Simulation Experiments," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(2), pages 159-166.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:20:p:9090-:d:1502750. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.