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Are Countries Ready for REDD+ Payments? REDD+ Readiness in Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal

Author

Listed:
  • Nabin Bhattarai

    (Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan)

  • Bhaskar Singh Karky

    (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal)

  • Ram Avtar

    (Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan)

  • Rajesh Bahadur Thapa

    (International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal)

  • Teiji Watanabe

    (Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan)

Abstract

The Paris Agreement recognized the significant role of forests in climate change mitigating and adapting. It also emphasized the importance of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) mechanism as a vital tool for achieving the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels. This study aims to assess the REDD+ readiness of Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal in preparation for effectively implementing REDD+ at the national level. A total of 57 indicators across five categories were used to evaluate readiness: overall readiness, technical readiness, institutional readiness, financing readiness, and strategy and safeguard readiness. The indicator-based questionnaire was administered to government officials, NGOs, private sectors, and academics. The results showed that Nepal was slightly more advanced in overall readiness, owing in part to the longer readiness period of the World Bank-supported Terai Arc ER-P. India scored highly in technical readiness and has several sub-national programmes for REDD+ implementation. Bhutan had strong ratings for strategy and safeguard readiness but lower scores for institutional and financing readiness. Myanmar had consistent ratings across readiness areas, but a lower score for technical readiness. However, political and governance situations pose significant challenges to the effective implementation of REDD+ in Myanmar.

Suggested Citation

  • Nabin Bhattarai & Bhaskar Singh Karky & Ram Avtar & Rajesh Bahadur Thapa & Teiji Watanabe, 2023. "Are Countries Ready for REDD+ Payments? REDD+ Readiness in Bhutan, India, Myanmar, and Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(7), pages 1-15, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:7:p:6078-:d:1113115
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Peter Akong Minang & Meine Van Noordwijk & Lalisa A Duguma & Dieudonne Alemagi & Trong Hoan Do & Florence Bernard & Putra Agung & Valentina Robiglio & Delia Catacutan & Suyanto Suyanto & Angel Armas &, 2014. "REDD+ Readiness progress across countries: time for reconsideration," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(6), pages 685-708, November.
    3. Watts, John D. & Tacconi, Luca & Irawan, Silvia & Wijaya, Aklan H., 2019. "Village transfers for the environment: Lessons from community-based development programs and the village fund," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Cadman, Timothy & Maraseni, Tek & Ma, Hwan Ok & Lopez-Casero, Federico, 2017. "Five years of REDD+ governance: The use of market mechanisms as a response to anthropogenic climate change," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 8-16.
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