IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v15y2023i5p4400-d1084758.html

Perspectives on the Impact of E-Learning Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic—The Case of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq

Author

Listed:
  • Dler O. Hasan

    (Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq)

  • Aso M. Aladdin

    (Department of Computer Science, College of Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq
    Department of Technical Information Systems Engineering, Erbil Technical Engineering College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Iraq)

  • Azad Arif Hama Amin

    (Department of Financial Accounting and Auditing, College of Commerce, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq)

  • Tarik A. Rashid

    (Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of Kurdistan Hewler, Erbil 44001, Iraq)

  • Yossra H. Ali

    (Computer Science Department, University of Technology, Baghdad 10011, Iraq)

  • Mahmood Al-Bahri

    (Faculty of Computing and IT, Sohar University, Sohar 311, Oman)

  • Jafar Majidpour

    (Computer Science Department, University of Raparin, Rania 46012, Iraq)

  • Ioan Batrancea

    (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania)

  • Ema Speranta Masca

    (Faculty of Economics and Law, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania)

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected global patterns, and the period of the declared virus pandemic has had a negative influence on all aspects of life. This research focuses on categorizing and empirically investigating the role of digital platforms in learning and business processes during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the use of electronic learning (EL) has been boosted by COVID-19’s spread, and EL’s effectiveness on the sustainable development of electronic commerce due to the demand for a variety of electronic devices. For this purpose, the information has been collected through an online questionnaire applied to 430 participants from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). The results indicate that participant usage and skills with electronic devices and online software programs are increasing, as the ratio indicated a level of 68% for both genders. Thus, the significance of EL concerning electronic commercial enterprises has been openly acknowledged and influenced by numerous factors. In addition, several suggestions and steps to be undertaken by the government are highlighted. Finally, this research mentions the current limitations of EL and suggests future works to build sustainable online experiences.

Suggested Citation

  • Dler O. Hasan & Aso M. Aladdin & Azad Arif Hama Amin & Tarik A. Rashid & Yossra H. Ali & Mahmood Al-Bahri & Jafar Majidpour & Ioan Batrancea & Ema Speranta Masca, 2023. "Perspectives on the Impact of E-Learning Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Pandemic—The Case of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4400-:d:1084758
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4400/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/5/4400/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rana Saeed Al-Maroof & Khadija Alhumaid & Iman Akour & Said Salloum, 2021. "Factors That Affect E-Learning Platforms after the Spread of COVID-19: Post Acceptance Study," Data, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-20, May.
    2. Martin Thomas Falk & Eva Hagsten, 2021. "When international academic conferences go virtual," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 126(1), pages 707-724, January.
    3. Maria-Crina Radu & Carol Schnakovszky & Eugen Herghelegiu & Vlad-Andrei Ciubotariu & Ion Cristea, 2020. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Quality of Educational Process: A Student Survey," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-15, October.
    4. Guthrie, Cameron & Fosso-Wamba, Samuel & Arnaud, Jean Brice, 2021. "Online consumer resilience during a pandemic: An exploratory study of e-commerce behavior before, during and after a COVID-19 lockdown," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    5. Kun Zhang & Haoxian Wu, 2022. "Synchronous Online Learning During COVID-19: Chinese University EFL Students’ Perspectives," SAGE Open, , vol. 12(2), pages 21582440221, April.
    6. Mouratidis, Kostas & Peters, Sebastian, 2022. "COVID-19 impact on teleactivities: Role of built environment and implications for mobility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 251-270.
    7. Camilleri, Mark Anthony & Camilleri, Adriana Caterina, 2022. "Remote learning via video conferencing technologies: Implications for research and practice," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    8. Tea Pavin Ivanec, 2022. "The Lack of Academic Social Interactions and Students’ Learning Difficulties during COVID-19 Faculty Lockdowns in Croatia: The Mediating Role of the Perceived Sense of Life Disruption Caused by the Pandemic and the Adjustment to Online Studying," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-11, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Souha Al-Geitany & Hasan Yousef Aljuhmani & Okechukwu Lawrence Emeagwali & Elsie Nasr, 2023. "Consumer Behavior in the Post-COVID-19 Era: The Impact of Perceived Interactivity on Behavioral Intention in the Context of Virtual Conferences," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Fumiya Tanji & Yuki Kodama, 2021. "Prevalence of Psychological Distress and Associated Factors in Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(19), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Sangeeta Lal & Rahul Mourya, 2022. "For CS Educators, by CS Educators: An Exploratory Analysis of Issues and Recommendations for Online Teaching in Computer Science," Societies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-17, August.
    4. Sepasgozar, Samad M.E., 2022. "Immersive on-the-job training module development and modeling users’ behavior using parametric multi-group analysis: A modified educational technology acceptance model," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    5. Inger Beate Hovi & Daniel Ruben Pinchasik, 2024. "Corona crisis disruptions and consequences for demand for freight transport: A screening of the effects for the largest logistics service providers in Norway," Journal of Shipping and Trade, Springer, vol. 9(1), pages 1-20, December.
    6. D’Souza, Clare & Apaolaza, Vanessa & Hartmann, Patrick & Nguyen, Ninh, 2023. "The consequence of possessions: Self-identity, extended self, psychological ownership and probabilities of purchase for pet’s fashion clothing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    7. Lucie Letrouit & Martin Koning, 2023. "How large are the costs of local pollution emitted by freight vehicles? Insights from the COVID-19 lockdown in Paris," Working Papers hal-04106196, HAL.
    8. Branca Barbosa & José Duarte Santos, 2023. "Bibliometric Study on the Social Shopping Concept," Administrative Sciences, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-21, September.
    9. Hui-Ming Deanna Wang & Foo Nin Ho, 2023. "The Effects of Information Technology in Retailer Performance and Survival: The Case of Store-Based Retailers," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(4), pages 21582440231, December.
    10. Mukesh Kumar & Rakesh D. Raut & Mahak Sharma & Vikas Kumar Choubey & Sanjoy Kumar Paul, 2022. "Enablers for resilience and pandemic preparedness in food supply chain," Operations Management Research, Springer, vol. 15(3), pages 1198-1223, December.
    11. Liu Yiru & Liu Yi & Yuan Zihan, 2025. "A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of retracted chapters based on OpenAlex database," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 130(4), pages 2425-2444, April.
    12. Mateusz Marciniak & Sylwia Jaskulska & Slaven Gasparovic & Brigita Janiūnaitė & Jolita Horbačauskienė & Renata Glavak Tkalić, 2022. "The Psychological Well-Being and Civic Engagement of Polish, Croatian and Lithuanian Academic Students during COVID-19 Outbreak," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(18), pages 1-17, September.
    13. Nakamura, Eri & Shibayama, Takeru, 2025. "Interventions for behavioural changes under travel hindrances: Information provision and economic compensation in pandemic, congestion and extreme weather," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    14. Anna Urbanek & Anna Losa & Monika Wieczorek-Kosmala & Karel Hlaváček & Aleš Lokaj, 2023. "Did the Quality of Digital Communication Skills in Education Improve after the Pandemic? Evidence from HEIs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-22, August.
    15. Adam Ploszaj, 2025. "Air travel and research collaboration: a quasi-experimental insight," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 130(4), pages 2167-2183, April.
    16. Lingli Li & Shuqing Chen & Pingping Tang & Kai Lv & Ping Li & Yunying Xu, 2025. "Unlocking Deep Learning: How Self-Regulated Learning Shapes Chinese Students’ Online Course Experiences," SAGE Open, , vol. 15(3), pages 21582440251, August.
    17. Vera Pujani & Fajril Akbar & Refdinal Nazir, 2023. "Managing Electricity Consumption on Campus: The Effect of Online Learning from Home," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(3), pages 384-395, May.
    18. repec:zib:zbmbmj:v:3:y:2023:i:2:p:84-92 is not listed on IDEAS
    19. Zhang, Chonghao & Liu, Xuanyu & Ren, Jingzheng & Yu, Hao & Huang, Jinyi & Luo, Xiao, 2025. "The IMAGE framework for human mobility science: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis of research trends and frontiers," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 706-720.
    20. Hao Chen & Alvin Lim, 2024. "The weakening pricing power of major brand over private label grocery products: evidence from a Dutch retailer," Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 23(5), pages 396-405, October.
    21. Cano-Leiva, José & Gomez, Juan & Alves, Guilherme F. & Manuel Vassallo, José, 2024. "How has COVID-19 changed individuals’ e-commerce and shopping mobility habits? Evidence from Madrid Region," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:4400-:d:1084758. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.