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Causes of Higher Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Does Energy Consumption Contribute? Evidence from the Non-Linear ARDL Model

Author

Listed:
  • Nabila Asghar

    (Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Asif Amjad

    (Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Hafeez ur Rehman

    (Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Mubbasher Munir

    (Department of Economics and Statistics, Dr Hasan Murad School of Management, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan)

  • Reda Alhajj

    (School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
    Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
    Department of Health Informatics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark)

Abstract

The impact of human activities on environmental degradation has been increasing over time, and ecological footprint measures the impact of human activities on the environment. An increase in ecological footprint has created alarming situations around the globe. This study explores the causes of Pakistan’s high ecological footprint (EFP). The asymmetric analysis of fossil fuels and renewable energy consumption on EFP has been carried out from 1990 to 2020. The results obtained from the NARDL approach revealed that the positive shocks of fossil fuel consumption increase EFP, but its negative shocks decline EFP. Meanwhile, both positive and negative shocks of renewable energy consumption decline EFP in Pakistan. This study suggests that renewable energy consumption can play a significant role in reducing the EFP in Pakistan.

Suggested Citation

  • Nabila Asghar & Muhammad Asif Amjad & Hafeez ur Rehman & Mubbasher Munir & Reda Alhajj, 2023. "Causes of Higher Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Does Energy Consumption Contribute? Evidence from the Non-Linear ARDL Model," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-12, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:4:p:3013-:d:1060602
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    References listed on IDEAS

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