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Manure Valorization Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Review of Current Systems, Production Characteristics, Utilized Feed Substrates, and Bioconversion and Nitrogen Conversion Efficiencies

Author

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  • Florian Grassauer

    (Food Systems PRISM Lab, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada)

  • Jannatul Ferdous

    (Food Systems PRISM Lab, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada)

  • Nathan Pelletier

    (Food Systems PRISM Lab, University of British Columbia Okanagan, 3247 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V1V7, Canada)

Abstract

The growing demand for animal products leads to mounting environmental impacts from the livestock sector. In light of the desired transition from linear to circular nutrient flows and an increasing number of formal commitments toward reducing environmental impacts from livestock production, manure valorization using insects (particularly black soldier fly larvae; BSFL) gains increasing importance. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, this paper identified 75 BSFL production systems utilizing various types of manure as feed substrates. The review highlights considerable differences in system design regarding the different production steps and their specific characteristics. These differences lead to a wide spectrum of rearing performances, which were measured by a suite of indicators, including dry matter reduction (DMR), waste reduction index (WRI), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), bioconversion rate (BCR), and nitrogen reduction. The results further show that, to date, most manure-valorizing BSFL production systems operate at the micro-scale level. However, specific reduction targets for manure-related emissions will likely necessitate large-scale systems at the farm or industrial level, and further research should thus focus on the comprehensive assessment of potential environmental benefits of manure valorization using BSFL.

Suggested Citation

  • Florian Grassauer & Jannatul Ferdous & Nathan Pelletier, 2023. "Manure Valorization Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae: A Review of Current Systems, Production Characteristics, Utilized Feed Substrates, and Bioconversion and Nitrogen Conversion Efficiencies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-20, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:16:p:12177-:d:1213613
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Martin Roffeis & Joana Almeida & Maureen Elizabeth Wakefield & Tatiana Raquel Alves Valada & Emilie Devic & N’Golopé Koné & Marc Kenis & Saidou Nacambo & Elaine Charlotte Fitches & Gabriel K. D. Koko , 2017. "Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Prospective Insect Based Feed Production in West Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-27, September.
    2. Saleha Mahmood & Christian Zurbrügg & Amtul Bari Tabinda & Azhar Ali & Adil Ashraf, 2021. "Sustainable Waste Management at Household Level with Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens )," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-18, August.
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    4. Elsayed, Mahdy & Li, Wu & Abdalla, Nashwa S. & Ai, Ping & Zhang, Yanlin & Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah, 2022. "Innovative approach for rapeseed straw recycling using black solider fly larvae: Towards enhanced energy recovery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 211-222.
    5. Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Duan, Na & Tsapekos, Panagiotis & Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar & Liu, Zhidan & Mohammadi, Ali & Angelidaki, Irini & Tsang, Daniel CW. & Zhang, Zengqiang & Pan, Junting & Ma, Lin & Ag, 2021. "A critical review on livestock manure biorefinery technologies: Sustainability, challenges, and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Roffeis, Martin & Fitches, Elaine C. & Wakefield, Maureen E. & Almeida, Joana & Alves Valada, Tatiana R. & Devic, Emilie & Koné, N’Golopé & Kenis, Marc & Nacambo, Saidou & Koko, Gabriel K.D. & Mathijs, 2020. "Ex-ante life cycle impact assessment of insect based feed production in West Africa," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
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    1. Sekoai, Patrick T. & Chunilall, Viren & Msele, Kwanele & Buthelezi, Lindiswa & Johakimu, Jonas & Andrew, Jerome & Zungu, Manqoba & Moloantoa, Karabelo & Maningi, Nontuthuko & Habimana, Olivier & Swart, 2023. "Biowaste biorefineries in South Africa: Current status, opportunities, and research and development needs," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).

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