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Design, Fabrication, and Operation of a 10 L Biodiesel Production Unit Powered by Conventional and Solar Energy Systems

Author

Listed:
  • Mehmood Ali

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Shahid

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Waseem Saeed

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Shahab Imran

    (Centre of Energy Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Md. Abul Kalam

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

Biodiesel is regarded as a low-carbon substitute for petroleum-based fuels. This research study aimed to investigate a 10 L batch-scale biodiesel production system from waste cooking oil (WCO) powered energy by solar energy and conventional electricity. The unit’s design considers the mass balance of the system’s constituent parts. The methoxide mixing chamber volume was calculated as 2.5 L with an electric agitator power requirement of 25 W. In comparison, the volume occupied by reactants in the stirred reactor was determined to be 14.5 L with a 250 W electric motor agitator. The WCO biodiesel was produced by a two-step process, i.e., esterification followed by a transesterification reaction using conventional electricity and solar power, yielding 92% and 90% by volume, respectively. The characteristics of WCO biodiesel produced from both energy systems was comparable to ASTM D6751. The total amount of conventional electricity and solar power required was 2.006 kWh and 1.0 kWh per 10 L, respectively. The WCO biodiesel’s mass performance was 64.02% and 62.10%, whereas the energy productivity was 0.0242 kg/MJ and 0.0235 kg/MJ from conventional electricity and solar energy systems, respectively. Therefore, solar energy systems can be employed in biodiesel production with a massive reduction in traditional energy requirements, thus reducing the production’s carbon footprint.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehmood Ali & Muhammad Shahid & Waseem Saeed & Shahab Imran & Md. Abul Kalam, 2023. "Design, Fabrication, and Operation of a 10 L Biodiesel Production Unit Powered by Conventional and Solar Energy Systems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:15:y:2023:i:12:p:9734-:d:1173859
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Leung, Dennis Y.C. & Wu, Xuan & Leung, M.K.H., 2010. "A review on biodiesel production using catalyzed transesterification," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1083-1095, April.
    2. Haseeb Yaqoob & Yew Heng Teoh & Farooq Sher & Muhammad Umer Farooq & Muhammad Ahmad Jamil & Zareena Kausar & Noor Us Sabah & Muhammad Faizan Shah & Hafiz Zia Ur Rehman & Atiq Ur Rehman, 2021. "Potential of Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel as Renewable Fuel in Combustion Engines: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Mariem Harabi & Soumaya Neji Bouguerra & Fatma Marrakchi & Loukia P. Chrysikou & Stella Bezergianni & Mohamed Bouaziz, 2019. "Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Frying Oil: Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability with Diesel Blends," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-15, April.
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    1. Mehmood Ali & Muhammad Shakaib & Asad A. Zaidi & Muhammad Asad Javed & Sohaib Z. Khan & Ashraf Aly Hassan, 2025. "Performance and Environmental Sustainability of Fish Waste Biodiesel on Diesel Engines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-19, June.

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