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Performance and Environmental Sustainability of Fish Waste Biodiesel on Diesel Engines

Author

Listed:
  • Mehmood Ali

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Shakaib

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan)

  • Asad A. Zaidi

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
    Sustainability Research Center, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia)

  • Muhammad Asad Javed

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Sohaib Z. Khan

    (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia
    Sustainability Research Center, Islamic University of Madinah, Medina 42351, Saudi Arabia)

  • Ashraf Aly Hassan

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates)

Abstract

The harmful environmental impacts of fossil fuel combustion, particularly greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, have driven global interest in developing sustainable biodiesel alternatives. Pakistan imports 294.46 million tons of high-speed diesel (HSD) annually, costing approximately USD 140.237 million. A 10% biodiesel blend could save 29.446 million tons of HSD and USD 14.023 million annually. Fish waste, a significant byproduct of Pakistan’s fishing industry, offers a promising feedstock for biodiesel production. This study explores its conversion into biodiesel and evaluates performance in diesel engines, supporting sustainability and circular economy goals. This study produced fish waste biodiesel through two-step transesterification reactions, achieving a 68% conversion yield. The biodiesel exhibited properties within ASTM D6751 standards, with a calorific value of 40.47 MJ/kg and a cetane number of 55.92. Engine performance and emission tests on LOMBARDINI 15LD225 diesel engines showed significant CO emission reductions with B10 and B20 blends compared to conventional diesel. Simulation using Ricardo Wave software 2019.1 demonstrated a 90% model accuracy for predicting CO emissions. The findings highlight the viability of fish waste-derived biodiesel as a cleaner, renewable alternative to fossil diesel, supporting sustainability and circular economy goals.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehmood Ali & Muhammad Shakaib & Asad A. Zaidi & Muhammad Asad Javed & Sohaib Z. Khan & Ashraf Aly Hassan, 2025. "Performance and Environmental Sustainability of Fish Waste Biodiesel on Diesel Engines," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-19, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:17:y:2025:i:12:p:5385-:d:1676525
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