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Power Management and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, and Battery Energy Sources

Author

Listed:
  • Naoui Mohamed

    (Processes, Energy, Environment and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès 6072, Tunisia)

  • Flah Aymen

    (Processes, Energy, Environment and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès 6072, Tunisia)

  • Abdullah Altamimi

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia)

  • Zafar A. Khan

    (Electrical Engineering Department, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
    School of Computing and Engineering, Institute for Innovation in Sustainable Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK)

  • Sbita Lassaad

    (Processes, Energy, Environment and Electrical Systems (Code: LR18ES34), National Engineering School of Gabès, University of Gabès, Gabès 6072, Tunisia)

Abstract

This paper deals with an energy management problem to ensure the best performance of the recharging tools used in electric vehicles. The main objective of this work is to find the optimal condition for controlling a hybrid recharging system by regrouping the photovoltaic cells and fuel cells. The photovoltaic and fuel cell systems were connected in parallel via two converters to feed either a lithium battery bank or the main traction motor. This combination of energy sources resulted in a hybrid recharging system. The mathematical model of the overall recharging system and the designed power management loop was developed, taking into account multiple aspects, including vehicle loading, the stepwise mathematical modelling of each component, and a detailed discussion of the required electronic equipment. Finally, a simplistic management loop was designed and implemented. Multiple case studies were simulated, statistical approaches were used to quantify the contribution of each recharging method, and the benefits of the combination of the two sources were evaluated. The energetic performance of an electric vehicle with the proposed hybrid recharging tool under various conditions, including static and dynamic modes, was simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink tool. The results suggest that despite the additional weight of PV panels, the combination of the PV and FC systems improves the vehicle’s energetic performance and provides a higher charging capacity instead of using an FC alone. A comparison with similar studies revealed that the proposed model has a higher efficiency. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of each solution are discussed to emphasise the significance of the hybrid recharging system.

Suggested Citation

  • Naoui Mohamed & Flah Aymen & Abdullah Altamimi & Zafar A. Khan & Sbita Lassaad, 2022. "Power Management and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Photovoltaic, Fuel Cells, and Battery Energy Sources," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:5:p:2551-:d:756122
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Catalin Vrabie, 2022. "Electric Vehicles Optimism versus the Energy Market Reality," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Muhammad Majid Gulzar, 2023. "Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Grid Connected PV Based Fuel Cell System Using Optimal Control Technique," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Darwin-Alexander Angamarca-Avendaño & Jonnathan-Francisco Saquicela-Moncayo & Byron-Humberto Capa-Carrillo & Juan-Carlos Cobos-Torres, 2023. "Charge Equalization System for an Electric Vehicle with a Solar Panel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Nick Rigogiannis & Ioannis Bogatsis & Christos Pechlivanis & Anastasios Kyritsis & Nick Papanikolaou, 2023. "Moving towards Greener Road Transportation: A Review," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-25, June.

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