IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v14y2022i17p10947-d904676.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable Energy Utilization in Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Muhammad Asim

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Adnan Qamar

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Ammara Kanwal

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Ghulam Moeen Uddin

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • Muhammad Farooq

    (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan)

  • M. A. Kalam

    (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

  • Mohamed Mousa

    (Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11845, Egypt)

  • Kiran Shahapurkar

    (School of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia)

Abstract

Pakistan is a developing country that faces severe energy crises due to the increased use of energy. The purpose of this study is energy transition by designing a strategy for the adoption of renewable energy policies in the entire energy system by using all renewable energy resources to forecast future energy needs and carbon emission mitigation potential. This research study aims to evaluate the renewable energy policies of Pakistan and to analyze the ways to secure energy sources in the future using LEAP. The study established a path for the transformation of the Pakistan energy system by considering the potential of renewable resources, the cost of the energy system, and the primary energy supply. The highest value of energy demand is noted for the 1st scenario, while the lowest emissions are noted for the 16th scenario for each renewable source (WIN16, SOL16, and BIO16). The lowest values of energy demand and emissions (192.1 TWh and 37.7 MMT, respectively) are shown using the green solution compared to other scenarios (hydro, nuclear, BAU), concluding that the green solution is the most suitable scenario. The analysis shows, that from a technological and economic perspective, it is possible to carry out transformation with the necessary steps to effectively achieve a renewable energy system. The findings of this study show that the green scenario in Pakistan which has the lowest operational and externality costs is the best choice for the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Asim & Adnan Qamar & Ammara Kanwal & Ghulam Moeen Uddin & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & Muhammad Farooq & M. A. Kalam & Mohamed Mousa & Kiran Shahapurkar, 2022. "Opportunities and Challenges for Renewable Energy Utilization in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-15, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10947-:d:904676
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/10947/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/17/10947/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mirza, Umar K. & Ahmad, Nasir & Majeed, Tariq & Harijan, Khanji, 2007. "Wind energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(9), pages 2179-2190, December.
    2. Ghanadan, Rebecca & Koomey, Jonathan G., 2005. "Using energy scenarios to explore alternative energy pathways in California," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1117-1142, June.
    3. Irfan Afzal Mirza & M. Shahid Khalil & Muhammad Amer & Tugrul U. Daim, 2015. "Assessment of Wind Potential in Kalar Kahar Region by Comparing On-Site Data with NREL Wind Resource Map of Pakistan," Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, in: Tugrul U. Daim & Jisun Kim & Ibrahim Iskin & Rimal Abu Taha & Kevin C. van Blommestein (ed.), Policies and Programs for Sustainable Energy Innovations, edition 127, chapter 0, pages 55-81, Springer.
    4. Berry, Trent & Jaccard, Mark, 2001. "The renewable portfolio standard:: design considerations and an implementation survey," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 263-277, March.
    5. Subramaniam, Yogeeswari & Masron, Tajul Ariffin & Azman, Nik Hadiyan Nik, 2019. "The impact of biofuels on food security," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 72-83.
    6. Zecca, Antonio & Chiari, Luca, 2010. "Fossil-fuel constraints on global warming," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 1-3, January.
    7. Ahmed, Saeed & Mahmood, Anzar & Hasan, Ahmad & Sidhu, Guftaar Ahmad Sardar & Butt, Muhammad Fasih Uddin, 2016. "A comparative review of China, India and Pakistan renewable energy sectors and sharing opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 216-225.
    8. Peidong, Zhang & Yanli, Yang & jin, Shi & Yonghong, Zheng & Lisheng, Wang & Xinrong, Li, 2009. "Opportunities and challenges for renewable energy policy in China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 439-449, February.
    9. Muhammad Asim & Muhammad Usman & Muhammad Salman Abbasi & Saad Ahmad & M. A. Mujtaba & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Abdullah Mohamed, 2022. "Estimating the Long-Term Effects of National and International Sustainable Transport Policies on Energy Consumption and Emissions of Road Transport Sector of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-19, May.
    10. Tahir, Zia ul Rehman & Azhar, Muhammad & Blanc, Philippe & Asim, Muhammad & Imran, Shahid & Hayat, Nasir & Shahid, Hamza & Ali, Hasnain, 2020. "The evaluation of reanalysis and analysis products of solar radiation for Sindh province, Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 347-362.
    11. Carolin Mabel, M. & Fernandez, E., 2008. "Analysis of wind power generation and prediction using ANN: A case study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(5), pages 986-992.
    12. Hansen, Kenneth & Breyer, Christian & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 471-480.
    13. Mirza, Umar K. & Ahmad, Nasir & Harijan, Khanji & Majeed, Tariq, 2009. "Identifying and addressing barriers to renewable energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(4), pages 927-931, May.
    14. Ates, Seyithan A., 2015. "Energy efficiency and CO2 mitigation potential of the Turkish iron and steel industry using the LEAP (long-range energy alternatives planning) system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 417-428.
    15. Athar Mahmood & Xiukang Wang & Ahmad Naeem Shahzad & Sajid Fiaz & Habib Ali & Maria Naqve & Muhammad Mansoor Javaid & Sahar Mumtaz & Mehwish Naseer & Renji Dong, 2021. "Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    16. Riaz Uddin & Abdurrahman Javid Shaikh & Hashim Raza Khan & Muhammad Ayaz Shirazi & Athar Rashid & Saad Ahmed Qazi, 2021. "Renewable Energy Perspectives of Pakistan and Turkey: Current Analysis and Policy Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-28, March.
    17. Nadia S. Ouedraogo, 2017. "Energy futures modelling for African countries: LEAP model application," WIDER Working Paper Series wp-2017-56, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    18. Tahir, Z.R. & Asim, Muhammad, 2018. "Surface measured solar radiation data and solar energy resource assessment of Pakistan: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2839-2861.
    19. Nadia S. Ouedraogo, 2017. "Energy futures modelling for African countries: LEAP model application," WIDER Working Paper Series 056, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Asim & Muhammad Hanzla Tahir & Ammara Kanwal & Fahid Riaz & Muhammad Amjad & Aamna Khalid & Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas & Ashfaq Ahmad & Mohammad Abul Kalam, 2023. "Effects of Varying Volume Fractions of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 on the Performance of Concentrated Photovoltaic System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-22, May.
    2. Zia R. Tahir & Ammara Kanwal & Muhammad Asim & M. Bilal & Muhammad Abdullah & Sabeena Saleem & M. A. Mujtaba & Ibham Veza & Mohamed Mousa & M. A. Kalam, 2022. "Effect of Temperature and Wind Speed on Efficiency of Five Photovoltaic Module Technologies for Different Climatic Zones," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-32, November.
    3. Shabir Hussain Malik & Weizhong Fu & Samma Faiz Rasool & Gowhar Ahmad Wani & Shah Zaman & Najaf Ali Wani, 2023. "Investigating the Impact of Communication Factors and Stakeholders Engagement on Renewable Energy Projects in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-14, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Muhammad Amir Raza & Muhammad Mohsin Aman & Altaf Hussain Rajpar & Mohamed Bashir Ali Bashir & Touqeer Ahmed Jumani, 2022. "Towards Achieving 100% Renewable Energy Supply for Sustainable Climate Change in Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-23, December.
    2. Naqvi, Salman Raza & Jamshaid, Sana & Naqvi, Muhammad & Farooq, Wasif & Niazi, Muhammad Bilal Khan & Aman, Zaeem & Zubair, Muhammad & Ali, Majid & Shahbaz, Muhammad & Inayat, Abrar & Afzal, Waheed, 2018. "Potential of biomass for bioenergy in Pakistan based on present case and future perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1247-1258.
    3. Huang, Shih-Chieh & Lo, Shang-Lien & Lin, Yen-Ching, 2013. "Application of a fuzzy cognitive map based on a structural equation model for the identification of limitations to the development of wind power," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 851-861.
    4. Sulman Shahzad & Muhammad Abbas Abbasi & Hassan Ali & Muhammad Iqbal & Rania Munir & Heybet Kilic, 2023. "Possibilities, Challenges, and Future Opportunities of Microgrids: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-28, April.
    5. Maqbool, Rashid, 2018. "Efficiency and effectiveness of factors affecting renewable energy projects; an empirical perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 944-956.
    6. Shih-Chieh Huang & Shang-Lien Lo & Yen-Ching Lin, 2013. "To Re-Explore the Causality between Barriers to Renewable Energy Development: A Case Study of Wind Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(9), pages 1-24, August.
    7. Farooqui, Suhail Zaki, 2014. "Prospects of renewables penetration in the energy mix of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 693-700.
    8. Mirjat, Nayyar Hussain & Uqaili, Mohammad Aslam & Harijan, Khanji & Valasai, Gordhan Das & Shaikh, Faheemullah & Waris, M., 2017. "A review of energy and power planning and policies of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 110-127.
    9. Muhammad Asim & Jassinnee Milano & Hassan Izhar Khan & Muhammad Hanzla Tahir & M. A. Mujtaba & Abd Halim Shamsuddin & Muhammad Abdullah & M. A. Kalam, 2022. "Investigation of Mono-Crystalline Photovoltaic Active Cooling Thermal System for Hot Climate of Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.
    10. Sher, Hadeed Ahmed & Murtaza, Ali F & Addoweesh, Khaled E & Chiaberge, Marcello, 2015. "Pakistan’s progress in solar PV based energy generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 213-217.
    11. Rashiqa Abdul Salam & Khuram Pervez Amber & Naeem Iqbal Ratyal & Mehboob Alam & Naveed Akram & Carlos Quiterio Gómez Muñoz & Fausto Pedro García Márquez, 2020. "An Overview on Energy and Development of Energy Integration in Major South Asian Countries: The Building Sector," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-37, November.
    12. Faisal Nawab & Ag Sufiyan Abd Hamid & Ali Alwaeli & Muhammad Arif & Mohd Faizal Fauzan & Adnan Ibrahim, 2022. "Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks with Satellite Data Inputs for Daily, Monthly, and Yearly Solar Irradiation Prediction for Pakistan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-20, June.
    13. Bhutto, Abdul Waheed & Bazmi, Aqeel Ahmed & Zahedi, Gholamreza, 2013. "Greener energy: Issues and challenges for Pakistan—wind power prospective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 519-538.
    14. Shoaib Ahmed Khatri & Nayyar Hussain Mirjat & Khanji Harijan & Mohammad Aslam Uqaili & Syed Feroz Shah & Pervez Hameed Shaikh & Laveet Kumar, 2022. "An Overview of the Current Energy Situation of Pakistan and the Way Forward towards Green Energy Implementation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-27, December.
    15. Wang, Feng & Yin, Haitao & Li, Shoude, 2010. "China's renewable energy policy: Commitments and challenges," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 1872-1878, April.
    16. Athar Mahmood & Xiukang Wang & Ahmad Naeem Shahzad & Sajid Fiaz & Habib Ali & Maria Naqve & Muhammad Mansoor Javaid & Sahar Mumtaz & Mehwish Naseer & Renji Dong, 2021. "Perspectives on Bioenergy Feedstock Development in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-24, July.
    17. Zulfiqar Ali Baloch & Qingmei Tan & Hafiz Waqas Kamran & Muhammad Atif Nawaz & Gadah Albashar & Javaria Hameed, 2022. "A multi-perspective assessment approach of renewable energy production: policy perspective analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 2164-2192, February.
    18. Mehmood, Faiza & Ghani, Muhammad Usman & Asim, Muhammad Nabeel & Shahzadi, Rehab & Mehmood, Aamir & Mahmood, Waqar, 2021. "MPF-Net: A computational multi-regional solar power forecasting framework," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    19. Shaikh, Faheemullah & Ji, Qiang & Fan, Ying, 2015. "The diagnosis of an electricity crisis and alternative energy development in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 1172-1185.
    20. Chuan Tian & Guohui Feng & Shuai Li & Fuqiang Xu, 2019. "Scenario Analysis on Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions Reduction Potential in Building Heating Sector at Community Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(19), pages 1-26, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:17:p:10947-:d:904676. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.