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Experimental Assessment of the Reflection of Solar Radiation from Façades of Tall Buildings to the Pedestrian Level

Author

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  • Alberto Speroni

    (Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Andrea Giovanni Mainini

    (Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Andrea Zani

    (Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
    Permasteelisa North America, 1179 Centre Pointe Circle, Mendota Heights, MN 55120, USA)

  • Riccardo Paolini

    (School of Built Environment, Faculty of Arts, Design & Architecture, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia)

  • Tommaso Pagnacco

    (Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milano, Italy
    Bollinger + Grohmann Ingegneria, Via Garofalo 31, 20133 Milano, Italy)

  • Tiziana Poli

    (Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering Department, Politecnico di Milano, Via Ponzio 31, 20133 Milano, Italy)

Abstract

Urban climates are highly influenced by the ability of built surfaces to reflect solar radiation, and the use of high-albedo materials has been widely investigated as an effective option to mitigate urban overheating. While diffusely solar reflective walls have attracted concerns in the architectural and thermal comfort community, the potential of concave and polished surfaces, such as glass and metal panels, to cause extreme glare and localized thermal stress has been underinvestigated. Furthermore, there is the need for a systematic comparison of the solar concentration at the pedestrian level in front of tall buildings. Herein, we show the findings of an experimental campaign measuring the magnitude of the sunlight reflected by scale models reproducing archetypical tall buildings. Three 1:100 scaled prototypes with different shapes (classic vertical façade, 10% tilted façade, curved concave façade) and different finishing materials (representative of extremes in reflectance properties of building materials) were assessed. A specular surface was assumed as representative of a glazed façade under high-incidence solar angles, while selected light-diffusing materials were considered sufficient proxies for plaster finishing. With a diffusely reflective façade, the incident radiation at the pedestrian level in front of the building did not increase by more than 30% for any geometry. However, with a specular reflective (i.e., mirror-like) flat façade, the incident radiation at the pedestrian level increased by more than 100% and even by more than 300% with curved solar-concentrating geometries. In addition, a tool for the preliminary evaluation of the solar reflectance risk potential of a generic complex building shape is developed and presented. Our findings demonstrate that the solar concentration risk due to mirror-like surfaces in the built environment should be a primary concern in design and urban microclimatology.

Suggested Citation

  • Alberto Speroni & Andrea Giovanni Mainini & Andrea Zani & Riccardo Paolini & Tommaso Pagnacco & Tiziana Poli, 2022. "Experimental Assessment of the Reflection of Solar Radiation from Façades of Tall Buildings to the Pedestrian Level," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-29, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:14:y:2022:i:10:p:5781-:d:812475
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rossi, Federico & Pisello, Anna Laura & Nicolini, Andrea & Filipponi, Mirko & Palombo, Massimo, 2014. "Analysis of retro-reflective surfaces for urban heat island mitigation: A new analytical model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 621-631.
    2. Hideki Takebayashi, 2016. "High-Reflectance Technology on Building Façades: Installation Guidelines for Pedestrian Comfort," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(8), pages 1-9, August.
    3. Akbari, H. & Konopacki, S., 2005. "Calculating energy-saving potentials of heat-island reduction strategies," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 721-756, April.
    4. Akbari, H, 2003. "Measured energy savings from the application of reflective roofs in two small non-residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(9), pages 953-967.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Chungil Kim & Hyung-Jun Song, 2022. "Glare-Free Airport-Based Photovoltaic System via Optimization of Its Azimuth Angle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-19, October.

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