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Developing a Measurement Scale of Opposition in Tourism Public-Private Partnerships Projects

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  • Alaa M. S. Azazz

    (Social Studies Department, College of Art, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Tourism Studies, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt)

  • Ibrahim A. Elshaer

    (Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
    Department of Hotel Studies, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt)

  • Marwa Ghanem

    (Department of Tourism Studies, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt)

Abstract

Stakeholder opposition is reported as a central aspect of public-private partnership (PPP) failure; however, it has not gained much attention in either tourism or general PPP studies. Therefore, this study seeks to explore stakeholder opposition and develop a measurements scale of opposition in tourism PPP projects. An exploratory-sequential mixed methods approach is employed to holistically understand the subject. The results confirmed that lack of perceived value, relational strength, stakeholder management approach, and a conflict (and power) management mechanism, in addition to inadequate capabilities of stakeholders and poor experience outcomes, are antecedents of opposition to tourism PPP projects. Other notable results and their implications for theory and practice are included in the article.

Suggested Citation

  • Alaa M. S. Azazz & Ibrahim A. Elshaer & Marwa Ghanem, 2021. "Developing a Measurement Scale of Opposition in Tourism Public-Private Partnerships Projects," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:9:p:5053-:d:547180
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chung, Demi & Hensher, David A. & Rose, John M., 2010. "Toward the betterment of risk allocation: Investigating risk perceptions of Australian stakeholder groups to public-private-partnership tollroad projects," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 30(1), pages 43-58.
    2. Zhe Cheng & Zhenshan Yang & Huina Gao & Hui Tao & Ming Xu, 2018. "Does PPP Matter to Sustainable Tourism Development? An Analysis of the Spatial Effect of the Tourism PPP Policy in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-15, November.
    3. Marwa Ghanem & Ibrahim Elshaer & Alaa Shaker, 2020. "The Successful Adoption of IS in the Tourism Public Sector: The Mediating Effect of Employees’ Trust," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-18, May.
    4. George Nwangwu, 2019. "Stakeholder Opposition Risk in Public-Private Partnerships," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 5(2), pages 36-42, 02-2019.
    5. John Hulland, 1999. "Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: a review of four recent studies," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 195-204, February.
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