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Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production

Author

Listed:
  • Shih-Wei Yen

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan)

  • Wei-Hsin Chen

    (Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan)

  • Jo-Shu Chang

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
    Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
    Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan)

  • Chun-Fong Eng

    (Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan)

  • Salman Raza Naqvi

    (School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Pau Loke Show

    (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia)

Abstract

This study investigated the kinetics of isothermal torrefaction of sorghum distilled residue (SDR), the main byproduct of the sorghum liquor-making process. The samples chosen were torrefied isothermally at five different temperatures under a nitrogen atmosphere in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Afterward, two different kinetic methods, the traditional model-free approach, and a two-step parallel reaction (TPR) kinetic model, were used to obtain the torrefaction kinetics of SDR. With the acquired 92–97% fit quality, which is the degree of similarity between calculated and real torrefaction curves, the traditional method approached using the Arrhenius equation showed a poor ability on kinetics prediction, whereas the TPR kinetic model optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm showed that all the fit qualities are as high as 99%. The results suggest that PSO can simulate the actual torrefaction kinetics more accurately than the traditional kinetics approach. Moreover, the PSO method can be further employed for simulating the weight changes of reaction intermediates throughout the process. This computational method could be used as a powerful tool for industrial design and optimization in the biochar manufacturing process.

Suggested Citation

  • Shih-Wei Yen & Wei-Hsin Chen & Jo-Shu Chang & Chun-Fong Eng & Salman Raza Naqvi & Pau Loke Show, 2021. "Torrefaction Thermogravimetric Analysis and Kinetics of Sorghum Distilled Residue for Sustainable Fuel Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-15, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:8:p:4246-:d:534125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chen, Wei-Hsin & Peng, Jianghong & Bi, Xiaotao T., 2015. "A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 847-866.
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    Cited by:

    1. Feng, Yipeng & Qiu, Keying & Zhang, Zhiping & Li, Chong & Rahman, Md. Maksudur & Cai, Junmeng, 2022. "Distributed activation energy model for lignocellulosic biomass torrefaction kinetics with combined heating program," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    2. Antonios Nazos & Dorothea Politi & Georgios Giakoumakis & Dimitrios Sidiras, 2022. "Simulation and Optimization of Lignocellulosic Biomass Wet- and Dry-Torrefaction Process for Energy, Fuels and Materials Production: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-35, November.

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