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Non-oxidative and oxidative torrefaction characterization and SEM observations of fibrous and ligneous biomass

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  • Chen, Wei-Hsin
  • Lu, Ke-Miao
  • Lee, Wen-Jhy
  • Liu, Shih-Hsien
  • Lin, Ta-Chang

Abstract

Oxidative torrefaction is a method to reduce the operating cost of upgrading biomass. To understand the potential of oxidative torrefaction and its impact on the internal structure of biomass, non-oxidative and oxidative torrefaction of two fibrous biomass materials (oil palm fiber and coconut fiber) and two ligneous ones (eucalyptus and Cryptomeria japonica) at 300°C for 1h are studied and compared with each other. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations are also performed to explore the impact of torrefaction atmosphere on the lignocellulosic structure of biomass. The results indicate that the fibrous biomass is more sensitive to O2 concentration than the ligneous biomass. In oxidative torrefaction, an increase in O2 concentration decreases the solid yield. The energy yield is linearly proportional to the solid yield, which is opposite to the behavior of non-oxidative torrefaction. The performance of non-oxidative torrefaction is better than that of oxidative torrefaction. As a whole, ligneous biomass can be torrefied in oxidative environments at lower O2 concentrations, whereas fibrous biomass is more suitable for non-oxidative torrefaction.

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  • Chen, Wei-Hsin & Lu, Ke-Miao & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Liu, Shih-Hsien & Lin, Ta-Chang, 2014. "Non-oxidative and oxidative torrefaction characterization and SEM observations of fibrous and ligneous biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 104-113.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:114:y:2014:i:c:p:104-113
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.045
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    7. Bach, Quang-Vu & Skreiberg, Øyvind, 2016. "Upgrading biomass fuels via wet torrefaction: A review and comparison with dry torrefaction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 665-677.
    8. Zhang, Yan & Song, Kuiyan, 2018. "Thermal and chemical characteristics of torrefied biomass derived from a generated volatile atmosphere," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 235-245.
    9. Devaraja, Udya Madhavi Aravindi & Senadheera, Sachini Supunsala & Gunarathne, Duleeka Sandamali, 2022. "Torrefaction severity and performance of Rubberwood and Gliricidia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1341-1353.
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    12. Leontiev, Alexandr & Kichatov, Boris & Korshunov, Alexey & Kiverin, Alexey & Medvetskaya, Natalia & Melnikova, Ksenia, 2018. "Oxidative torrefaction of briquetted birch shavings in the bentonite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PA), pages 303-313.
    13. Jau-Jang Lu & Wei-Hsin Chen, 2013. "Product Yields and Characteristics of Corncob Waste under Various Torrefaction Atmospheres," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-15, December.
    14. Arriola, Emmanuel & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Chih, Yi-Kai & De Luna, Mark Daniel & Show, Pau Loke, 2020. "Impact of post-torrefaction process on biochar formation from wood pellets and self-heating phenomena for production safety," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    15. Barskov, Stan & Zappi, Mark & Buchireddy, Prashanth & Dufreche, Stephen & Guillory, John & Gang, Daniel & Hernandez, Rafael & Bajpai, Rakesh & Baudier, Jeff & Cooper, Robbyn & Sharp, Richard, 2019. "Torrefaction of biomass: A review of production methods for biocoal from cultured and waste lignocellulosic feedstocks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 624-642.
    16. Cheng, Wei & Shao, Jing'ai & Zhu, Youjian & Zhang, Wennan & Jiang, Hao & Hu, Junhao & Zhang, Xiong & Yang, Haiping & Chen, Hanping, 2022. "Effect of oxidative torrefaction on particulate matter emission from agricultural biomass pellet combustion in comparison with non-oxidative torrefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 39-51.
    17. Kung, Kevin S. & Thengane, Sonal K. & Shanbhogue, Santosh & Ghoniem, Ahmed F., 2019. "Parametric analysis of torrefaction reactor operating under oxygen-lean conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 603-614.
    18. Ghiasi, Bahman & Kumar, Linoj & Furubayashi, Takaaki & Lim, C. Jim & Bi, Xiaotao & Kim, Chang Soo & Sokhansanj, Shahab, 2014. "Densified biocoal from woodchips: Is it better to do torrefaction before or after densification?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 133-142.
    19. Li, Shu-Xian & Zou, Jin-Ying & Li, Ming-Fei & Wu, Xiao-Fei & Bian, Jing & Xue, Zhi-Min, 2017. "Structural and thermal properties of Populus tomentosa during carbon dioxide torrefaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 321-329.
    20. Ignacio, Luís Henrique da Silva & Santos, Pedro Eduardo de Almeida & Duarte, Carlos Antonio Ribeiro, 2019. "An experimental assessment of Eucalyptus urosemente energy potential for biomass production in Brazil," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 361-369.

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