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Co-Torrefaction Progress of Biomass Residue/Waste Obtained for High-Value Bio-Solid Products

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Waheed

    (Laboratory of Alternative Fuels & Sustainability, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Salman Raza Naqvi

    (Laboratory of Alternative Fuels & Sustainability, School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Imtiaz Ali

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

The co-torrefaction of several biomasses may be a viable solution in the study area, as it produces biofuels and addresses waste-treatment concerns. This review evaluates biomass through ultimate, proximate, and FTIR analyses, and the mechanism of the co-torrefaction process is observed for product quality with a synergistic effect. Furthermore, the parameters of co-torrefaction, including temperature, reaction time, mass yield, energy yield, and the composition of the H/C and O/C ratio of the co-torrefied materials, are similar to those for coal composition. Different reactor types, such as fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, microwave, and batch reactors, are used for co-torrefaction, in which biomass blends with optimized blend ratios. The co-torrefaction process increases the bio-solid yield and heating value, the capacity to adsorb carbon dioxide, and the renewable fuel used for gasification. One of the objectives of this study is to adopt a process that must be viable, green, and sustainable without generating pollution. For this reason, microwave co-torrefaction (MCT) has been used in many recent studies to transform waste and biomass materials into an alternative fuel using a microwave reactor.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Waheed & Salman Raza Naqvi & Imtiaz Ali, 2022. "Co-Torrefaction Progress of Biomass Residue/Waste Obtained for High-Value Bio-Solid Products," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:8297-:d:965125
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    References listed on IDEAS

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