IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jsusta/v13y2021i5p2436-d504849.html

Assessment of the Overall Efficiency in WPT Stations for Electric Vehicles

Author

Listed:
  • Mauro Zucca

    (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Vincenzo Cirimele

    (Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jorge Bruna

    (CIRCE Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Davide Signorino

    (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Erika Laporta

    (CIRCE Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Jacopo Colussi

    (Dipartimento Energia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Miguel Angel Alonso Tejedor

    (CIRCE Foundation, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Federico Fissore

    (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

  • Umberto Pogliano

    (Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), 10135 Torino, Italy
    These authors contributed equally to this work.)

Abstract

The on-site assessment of the efficiency of a charging station is not a trivial process and is a topic of discussion for professionals. The efficiency of electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), is an important parameter for both the user and the EVSE operator. This paper deals with a particular type of EVSE, using static wireless power transfer (WPT). This paper proposes a clear method to account for the parameters which can affect the correct determination of efficiency, such as in particular the accuracy of the meters and the effect of temperature. This work proposes a method to define the accuracy of the power and efficiency on-site assessment, and is aimed at clarifying that despite distorted waveforms at the charging stations, it is possible to reach a good accuracy in a wide temperature span (expanded uncertainty <0.5% between 5 °C and 40 °C). Analysis initiated from the measurement conditions and the actual waveforms recorded at two WPT EVSEs with differently rated power. This paper paves the way for the possibility of verifying class 0.5 m on-site, desirable for this type of application. The paper also clarifies that despite the evident presence of voltage and current ripple at the batteries, the weight of the ripple power on the total power is nevertheless lower than 0.1%. Finally, the paper highlights how, for the correct measurement of the ripple, it would be advisable to calibrate the instrumentation in DC and in AC, at a frequency double that of the working frequency of the EVSE coils.

Suggested Citation

  • Mauro Zucca & Vincenzo Cirimele & Jorge Bruna & Davide Signorino & Erika Laporta & Jacopo Colussi & Miguel Angel Alonso Tejedor & Federico Fissore & Umberto Pogliano, 2021. "Assessment of the Overall Efficiency in WPT Stations for Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2436-:d:504849
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2436/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/5/2436/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chao-Tsung Ma, 2019. "System Planning of Grid-Connected Electric Vehicle Charging Stations and Key Technologies: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-22, November.
    2. Knez, Matjaz & Zevnik, Gašper Kozelj & Obrecht, Matevz, 2019. "A review of available chargers for electric vehicles: United States of America, European Union, and Asia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 284-293.
    3. Adil Amin & Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Muhammad Usman & Kamran Ali Memon & Ben Horan & Anzar Mahmood & Saad Mekhilef, 2020. "An Integrated Approach to Optimal Charging Scheduling of Electric Vehicles Integrated with Improved Medium-Voltage Network Reconfiguration for Power Loss Minimization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-15, November.
    4. Khairy Sayed & Ahmed Kassem & Hedra Saleeb & Ali S. Alghamdi & Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil, 2020. "Energy-Saving of Battery Electric Vehicle Powertrain and Efficiency Improvement during Different Standard Driving Cycles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-26, December.
    5. Ilaria Liorni & Oriano Bottauscio & Roberta Guilizzoni & Peter Ankarson & Jorge Bruna & Arya Fallahi & Stuart Harmon & Mauro Zucca, 2020. "Assessment of Exposure to Electric Vehicle Inductive Power Transfer Systems: Experimental Measurements and Numerical Dosimetry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-25, June.
    6. Aritra Ghosh, 2020. "Possibilities and Challenges for the Inclusion of the Electric Vehicle (EV) to Reduce the Carbon Footprint in the Transport Sector: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    7. Kim, Jae D., 2019. "Insights into residential EV charging behavior using energy meter data," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 610-618.
    8. Alexandre Lucas & Germana Trentadue & Harald Scholz & Marcos Otura, 2018. "Power Quality Performance of Fast-Charging under Extreme Temperature Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-14, October.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Alicia Triviño & José M. González-González & José A. Aguado, 2021. "Wireless Power Transfer Technologies Applied to Electric Vehicles: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Deng, Zhipeng & Li, Yuewei & Wang, Xuezheng & Jiang, Zixin & Dong, Bing, 2025. "Quantum computing-enhanced large-scale residential electric vehicle charging management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PC).
    2. Aritra Ghosh, 2020. "Possibilities and Challenges for the Inclusion of the Electric Vehicle (EV) to Reduce the Carbon Footprint in the Transport Sector: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-22, May.
    3. Bruno Pinto & Filipe Barata & Constantino Soares & Carla Viveiros, 2020. "Fleet Transition from Combustion to Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in a Portuguese Business Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-24, March.
    4. Natascia Andrenacci & Roberto Ragona & Antonino Genovese, 2020. "Evaluation of the Instantaneous Power Demand of an Electric Charging Station in an Urban Scenario," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-19, May.
    5. Mohamed Abdel-Basset & Abduallah Gamal & Ibrahim M. Hezam & Karam M. Sallam, 2024. "Sustainability assessment of optimal location of electric vehicle charge stations: a conceptual framework for green energy into smart cities," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(5), pages 11475-11513, May.
    6. Hu, Dingding & Zhou, Kaile & Li, Fangyi & Ma, Dawei, 2022. "Electric vehicle user classification and value discovery based on charging big data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    7. Timo Busch & Michael L. Barnett & Roger Leonard Burritt & Benjamin W. Cashore & R. Edward Freeman & Irene Henriques & Bryan W. Husted & Rajat Panwar & Jonatan Pinkse & Stefan Schaltegger & Jeff York, 2024. "Moving beyond “the” business case: How to make corporate sustainability work," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(2), pages 776-787, February.
    8. Jiaming Zhou & Chunxiao Feng & Qingqing Su & Shangfeng Jiang & Zhixian Fan & Jiageng Ruan & Shikai Sun & Leli Hu, 2022. "The Multi-Objective Optimization of Powertrain Design and Energy Management Strategy for Fuel Cell–Battery Electric Vehicle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-19, May.
    9. Faghihian, Hamed & Sargolzaei, Arman, 2025. "A novel energy-efficient automated regenerative braking system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 390(C).
    10. Dingyi Lu & Yunqian Lu & Kexin Zhang & Chuyuan Zhang & Shao-Chao Ma, 2023. "An Application Designed for Guiding the Coordinated Charging of Electric Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-16, July.
    11. Brinkel, N.B.G. & Schram, W.L. & AlSkaif, T.A. & Lampropoulos, I. & van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., 2020. "Should we reinforce the grid? Cost and emission optimization of electric vehicle charging under different transformer limits," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    12. Quintero Fuentes, Abel & Hickman, Mark & Whitehead, Jake, 2025. "Zone substations' readiness to embrace electric vehicle adoption: Brisbane case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    13. Barakat, Shimaa & Guven, Aykut Fatih & Abdelaziz, Almoataz Y. & Samy, Mohamed Mahmoud, 2026. "A comprehensive review of electric vehicles and sustainable urban mobility in the Middle East and North Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    14. Fan, Zhi-Ping & Cao, Yue & Huang, Chun-Yong & Li, Yongli, 2020. "Pricing strategies of domestic and imported electric vehicle manufacturers and the design of government subsidy and tariff policies," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    15. Gull, Muhammad Shuzub & Khalid, Muhammad & Arshad, Naveed, 2024. "Multi-objective optimization of battery swapping station to power up mobile and stationary loads," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 374(C).
    16. Stefan Tabacu & Dragos Popa, 2023. "Backward-Facing Analysis for the Preliminary Estimation of the Vehicle Fuel Consumption," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-19, March.
    17. Despoina Kothona & Aggelos S. Bouhouras, 2022. "A Two-Stage EV Charging Planning and Network Reconfiguration Methodology towards Power Loss Minimization in Low and Medium Voltage Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-17, May.
    18. Rajanand Patnaik Narasipuram & Subbarao Mopidevi, 2023. "A Novel Hybrid Control Strategy and Dynamic Performance Enhancement of a 3.3 kW GaN–HEMT-Based iL 2 C Resonant Full-Bridge DC–DC Power Converter Methodology for Electric Vehicle Charging Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-22, August.
    19. Meintjes, Tiago & Castro, Rui & Pires, A.J., 2021. "Impact of vehicle charging on Portugal's national electricity load profile in 2030," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    20. Anam Nadeem & Mosè Rossi & Erica Corradi & Lingkang Jin & Gabriele Comodi & Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh, 2022. "Energy-Environmental Planning of Electric Vehicles (EVs): A Case Study of the National Energy System of Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(9), pages 1-19, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:5:p:2436-:d:504849. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.